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Reviews

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Reviews is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reviews
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.
Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.
We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.
The Irish leaders cannot fight.
They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reviews

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Reviews is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.
/wiː ˈaɪrɪʃ mʌst ˈiːðər læf ɔːr kraɪ ənd ɪf wiː went ɪn fɔːr ˈkraɪɪŋ wiː ʃʊd ɔːl hæŋ aʊərˈselvz/
Line 2
Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.
/tuː kloʊs ə ˈjuːnjən wɪð ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ hæd prəˈduːst dɪˈdʒenərəsi boʊθ ʌv ˈkerɪktər ənd kriːd ɪn ɔːl ðə ˈsetəlmənts ʌv ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
Line 3
We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.
/wiː eɪdʒ ˈkwɪkli ɪn ˈaɪərlənd wɪð ðə ˈwɪski ənd ðə ˈbroʊkən hedz/
Line 4
The Irish leaders cannot fight.
Line 5
They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.
/ðeɪ kæn meɪk ðə ˈkʌntri ənˈɡʌvərnəbəl ənd kiːp æn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈɑːrmi ˈɑːkjəpaɪd ɪn ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

creed noun US /kriːd/

any system of principles or beliefs

From this reading “Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.”

degeneracy noun US /dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

From this reading “Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.”

Ireland noun US /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading “We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.”

Irish noun US /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading “We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.”

leaders noun US /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading “The Irish leaders cannot fight.”

settlements noun US /ˈsetəlmənts/

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.”

ungovernable adjective US /ənˈɡʌvərnəbəl/

incapable of being controlled

From this reading “They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.”

whiskey noun US /ˈwɪski/

a liquor made from fermented mash of grain

From this reading “We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Irish leaders cannot fight.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

creednounUS /kriːd/

any system of principles or beliefs

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

cryingadjectiveUS /ˈkraɪɪŋ/

demanding attention

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

degeneracynounUS /dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading The Irish leaders cannot fight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

hangverbUS /hæŋ/

be suspended or hanging

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

IrishnounUS /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading The Irish leaders cannot fight.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

settlementsnounUS /ˈsetəlmənts/

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

TooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

ungovernableadjectiveUS /ənˈɡʌvərnəbəl/

incapable of being controlled

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

unionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

whiskeynounUS /ˈwɪski/

a liquor made from fermented mash of grain

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

Chapter 16 of Reviews by Oscar Wilde holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Reviews contain?

Chapter 16 holds 413 sentences of Reviews, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Reviews by Oscar Wilde exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Reviews?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Reviews

Common questions about reading Reviews by Oscar Wilde on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Reviews?

Yes. All 7101 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14240 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Reviews is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14240, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Reviews take to read?

About 591 minutes of reading across 1421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Reviews section by section

How to work through Reviews section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Reviews to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Reviews

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reviews, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Apparently
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endless
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Difficulties
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Against
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.