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Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or
Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or is here in full — 328 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or
Context Illustration Reading 1/65 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.
Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.
DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.
THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.
FROM A GENTLEMAN.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or is here in full — 328 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/65 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.
/kənˈteɪnɪŋ ə ˈveri tʃɔɪs səˈlekʃən ʌv əˈproʊpriət ˈænsərz/
Line 2
Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.
/lʌv ruːlz ðə kɔːrt ðə kæmp ðə ɡroʊv ənd men bɪˈloʊ ənd seɪnts əˈbʌv fɔːr lʌv ɪz ˈhevən ənd ˈhevən ɪz lʌv/
Line 3
DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.
Line 4
THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.
/ðə nuː ˈlʌndən ˈfæʃənəbəl ˈdʒentəlmʌnz ˈvæləntaɪn ˈraɪtər/
Line 5
FROM A GENTLEMAN.
/frʌm ə ˈdʒentəlmən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appropriate verb US /əˈproʊpriət/

give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

derby noun US /ˈdɜːrbi/

a felt hat that is round and hard with a narrow brim

From this reading “DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.”

gentleman's noun US /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

marshall noun US /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

United States actor (1914-1998)

From this reading “DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.”

richardson noun US /ˈrɪtʃərdsən/

United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading “DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.”

saints noun US /seɪnts/

plural of “saint” — a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading “Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.”

selection noun US /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading “Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.”

valentine noun US /ˈvæləntaɪn/

a sweetheart chosen to receive a greeting on Saint Valentine's Day

From this reading “THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.”

All words in this reading · 35

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

ANSWERSnounUS /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

APPROPRIATEverbUS /əˈproʊpriət/

give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

ContainingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

DERBYnounUS /ˈdɜːrbi/

a felt hat that is round and hard with a narrow brim

From this reading DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.

FASHIONABLEadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FROM A GENTLEMAN.

GENTLEMANnounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading FROM A GENTLEMAN.

GENTLEMAN'SnounUS /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.

grovenounUS /ɡroʊv/

a small growth of trees without underbrush

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

MARSHALLnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

United States actor (1914-1998)

From this reading DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

RICHARDSONnounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdsən/

United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

saintsnounUS /seɪnts/

plural of “saint” — a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

SIMPKIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above; For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

THOMASnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading DERBY: THOMAS RICHARDSON; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON.

VALENTINEnounUS /ˈvæləntaɪn/

a sweetheart chosen to receive a greeting on Saint Valentine's Day

From this reading THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Containing a very choice selection of _APPROPRIATE ANSWERS_.

WRITERnounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading THE _NEW LONDON FASHIONABLE_ _GENTLEMAN’S_ VALENTINE WRITER.

Chapter 1 of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or by Thomas, -1875 Richardson holds 328 sentences, grouped into 66 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or contain?

Chapter 1 holds 328 sentences of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or, unabridged, divided into 66 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or by Thomas, -1875 Richardson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 328 sentences, grouped into 66 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or?

Work through the 66 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 66 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or

Common questions about reading Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or by Thomas, -1875 Richardson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or section by section

How to work through Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or

Words and structures a reader meets early in Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Richardson's New London fashionable gentleman's valentine writer, or, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.