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Ridgeway
Ridgeway

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Ridgeway is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.
He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.
But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.
Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.
He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ridgeway

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Ridgeway is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.
Line 2
He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.
Line 3
But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.
/bʌt ˈoʊɪŋ tuː ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ɔːlˈredi rəˈfɜːrd tuː hiː fɔːt ˈʌndər ˈevəri ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ ˈpɑːsəbəl tuː æn ˌɪnˈveɪdɪŋ ˈɑːrmi/
Line 4
Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.
/stɪl æz ðə keɪs stʊd hɪz ˈtraɪəmf wɑːz nɑːt ðə les ˈbrɪljənt ɔːr dɪˈsaɪsɪv/
Line 5
He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.
/hiː ˈruːtɪd ðə ˈenəmi hɔːrs ənd fʊt ənd hæd hiː bɪn ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tuː dɪˈspoʊz ʌv ˈprɪzənərz hiː kʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ə ˈveri lɑːrdʒ ˈnʌmbər wɪð ˈskersli ˈeni ˈefərt frʌm ðə fækt ðæt ˈæftər ðə ˈfɪrfəl tʃɑːrdʒ ðæt hæd ˈbroʊkən θruː ðer laɪnz ðeɪ bɪˈkeɪm kəmˈpliːtli ˈpænɪk ˈstrɪkən ənd dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪzd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annals noun US /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading “Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.”

annihilated adjective US /əˈnaɪəleɪtɪd/

destroyed completely

From this reading “He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.”

demoralized adjective US /dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪzd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading “He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.”

invading adjective US /ˌɪnˈveɪdɪŋ/

involving invasion or aggressive attack

From this reading “But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.”

invincibility noun US /ˌɪnvɪnsəˈbɪlɪti/

the property being difficult or impossible to defeat

From this reading “He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.”

O'Neill noun US /oʊˈniːl/

United States playwright (1888-1953)

routed verb US /ˈruːtɪd/

past form of “route” — send documents or materials to appropriate destinations

From this reading “He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.”

vaunted verb US /ˈvɔːntɪd/

past form of “vaunt” — show off

From this reading “He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1866

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

annalsnounUS /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

annihilatedadjectiveUS /əˈnaɪəleɪtɪd/

destroyed completely

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

CanadanounUS /ˈkænədə/

a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

CanadianadjectiveUS /kəˈneɪdiən/

of or relating to Canada or its people

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

dnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

darkestadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkəst/

superlative of “dark” — devoid of or deficient in light or brightness; shadowed or black

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

decisiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/

determining or having the power to determine an outcome

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

demoralizedadjectiveUS /dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪzd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

disadvantagenounUS /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

disposeverbUS /dɪˈspoʊz/

give, sell, or transfer to another

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

invadingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdɪŋ/

involving invasion or aggressive attack

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

invincibilitynounUS /ˌɪnvɪnsəˈbɪlɪti/

the property being difficult or impossible to defeat

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

O'NeillnounUS /oʊˈniːl/

United States playwright (1888-1953)

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

panicnounUS /ˈpænɪk/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

paralysed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

Ridgeway

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

routedverbUS /ˈruːtɪd/

past form of “route” — send documents or materials to appropriate destinations

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

strickenadjectiveUS /ˈstrɪkən/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

troopnounUS /truːp/

a group of soldiers

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading But owing to circumstances already referred to, he fought under every disadvantage possible to an invading army.

vauntedverbUS /ˈvɔːntɪd/

past form of “vaunt” — show off

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

volunteerverbUS /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

tell voluntarily

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Still, as the case stood, his triumph was not the less brilliant or decisive.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He would have literally annihilated all the forces that were brought against him on that field, and struck such terror to the heart of the enemy, as to have still farther paralysed their volunteer service and destroyed the confidence of the Canadian people in the vaunted invincibility of the arms of England for many a long day, if not for all time to come.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He routed the enemy, horse and foot; and had he been in a position to dispose of prisoners, he could have taken a very large number with scarcely any effort; from the fact, that after the fearful charge that had broken through their lines, they became completely panic stricken and demoralized.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Had O’Neill a single troop of cavalry when he broke the British lines at Ridgeway, the 2d day of June, 1866, would have been the darkest that had ever occurred in the annals of Canada.

Chapter 17 of Ridgeway by Scian Dubh holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Ridgeway contain?

Chapter 17 holds 110 sentences of Ridgeway, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Ridgeway by Scian Dubh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Ridgeway?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Ridgeway

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ridgeway, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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