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Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes
Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Discontent.--Scene of the Lateran.
The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.
Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!
With the people?--he deserts his friends!
But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Discontent.--Scene of the Lateran.
Line 2
The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.
Line 3
Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!
Line 4
With the people?--he deserts his friends!
Line 5
But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

betrays verb US /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading “Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!”

deserts noun US /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading “With the people?--he deserts his friends!”

divisions noun US /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading “The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.”

irksome adjective US /ˈɜːrksəm/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading “The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.”

oppresses verb US /əˈpresɪz/

third-person singular of “oppress” — come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading “The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.”

Patrician noun US /pəˈtrɪʃən/

a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading “The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.”

perplexing adjective US /pərˈpleksɪŋ/

lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity

From this reading “The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.”

wrestling noun US /ˈreslɪŋ/

the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat

From this reading “The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

alternativeadjectiveUS /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/

serving or used in place of another

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

betraysverbUS /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

contriveverbUS /kənˈtraɪv/

make or work out a plan for; devise

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading With the people?--he deserts his friends!

destinynounUS /ˈdestəni/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

DiscontentnounUS /dɪskənˈtent/

a longing for something better than the present situation

From this reading Discontent.--Scene of the Lateran.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading With the people?--he deserts his friends!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

honestlyadverbUS /ˈɑːnəstli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

irksomeadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrksəm/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

Laterannoun

the site in Rome containing the church of Rome and the Lateran Palace

From this reading Discontent.--Scene of the Lateran.

lovesnounUS /lʌvz/

plural of “love” — a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Discontent.--Scene of the Lateran.

oppressesverbUS /əˈpresɪz/

third-person singular of “oppress” — come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

PatriciannounUS /pəˈtrɪʃən/

a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

perplexingadjectiveUS /pərˈpleksɪŋ/

lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

ScenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Discontent.--Scene of the Lateran.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

Shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

strugglesnounUS /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Discontent.--Scene of the Lateran.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But that consequence of the last alternative is not the sole--nor, perhaps, to a strong mind, the most severe.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Shall he take part with the nobles?--he betrays his conscience!

wrestlingnounUS /ˈreslɪŋ/

the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat

From this reading The situation of a Patrician who honestly loves the people is, in those evil times, when power oppresses and freedom struggles,--when the two divisions of men are wrestling against each other,--the most irksome and perplexing that destiny can possibly contrive.

Chapter 9 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 446 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes contain?

Chapter 9 holds 446 sentences of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 446 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 7823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1396 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #1396, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1565 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gioventudine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nutricato
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Latte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eloquenza
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.