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Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes
Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.
It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.
Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.
Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.
From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.
/wɪð ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈtwaɪlaɪt roʊm wɑːz ˈsʌmənd tuː ðə kəˈmensmənt ʌv ðə moʊst mæɡˈnɪfəsənt ˈspektəkəl ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈsɪti hæd ˈwɪtnəst sɪns ðə fɔːl ʌv ðə ˈsiːzərz/
Line 2
It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.
Line 3
Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.
Line 4
Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.
Line 5
From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boasted verb US /ˈboʊstəd/

past form of “boast” — show off

From this reading “From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.”

Caesars noun US /ˈsiːzərz/

plural of “caesar” — conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading “With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.”

Capitol noun US /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading “From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.”

commencement noun US /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading “With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.”

confer verb US /kənˈfɜːr/

have a conference in order to talk something over

From this reading “It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.”

knighthood noun US /ˈnaɪthʊd/

aristocrats holding the rank of knight

From this reading “It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.”

prelude noun US /ˈpreɪluːd/

something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows

From this reading “Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.”

Romans noun US /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading “Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

arrogated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

boastedverbUS /ˈboʊstəd/

past form of “boast” — show off

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

CaesarsnounUS /ˈsiːzərz/

plural of “caesar” — conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

CapitolnounUS /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

ceremonynounUS /ˈserəmoʊni/

a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

claimedverbUS /kleɪmd/

past form of “claim” — assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

Colonna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

conferverbUS /kənˈfɜːr/

have a conference in order to talk something over

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

knighthoodnounUS /ˈnaɪthʊd/

aristocrats holding the rank of knight

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

Laterannoun

the site in Rome containing the church of Rome and the Lateran Palace

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

Orsini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

preludenounUS /ˈpreɪluːd/

something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

Rienzi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From the Capitol to the Lateran swept, in long procession, all that Rome boasted of noble, of fair, and brave.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

TwentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It had been a singular privilege, arrogated by the people of Rome, to confer upon their citizens the order of knighthood.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Rienzi, who designed it as the prelude to a more important ceremony, claimed from the Romans a similar distinction.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading With the following twilight, Rome was summoned to the commencement of the most magnificent spectacle the Imperial City had witnessed since the fall of the Caesars.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Twenty years before, a Colonna and an Orsini had received this popular honour.

Chapter 17 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 190 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes contain?

Chapter 17 holds 190 sentences of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 190 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #1396, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1565 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gioventudine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nutricato
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Latte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eloquenza
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.