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Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes
Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
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Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.
These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.
They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.
And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.
Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.
Line 2
These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.
/ðiːz men drɔːn frʌm ˈveriəs ˈsɪtiz wɜːr ˈɪntəmətli əˈkweɪntɪd wɪð ðə ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl əˈferz ʌv ðə ˈsevrəl steɪts tuː wɪtʃ ðeɪ bɪˈlɔːŋd/
Line 3
They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.
/ðeɪ kʊd tel tuː ə ˈfrækʃən ðə fɔːrs ʌv ə ˈsiːnjɔːr ðə welθ ʌv ə ˈmɜːr.tʃənt ðə ˈpaʊər ʌv ə mɑːb/
Line 4
And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.
/ənd ðʌs ɪn hɪz ˈlɔːləs kæmp ˌmʌntriˈɔːl prɪˈzaɪdɪd nɑːt mɔːr æz ə ˈdʒenərəl ðæn ə ˈsteɪtsmən/
Line 5
Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.
/sʌtʃ ˈnɑːlədʒ wɑːz ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl tuː ðə tʃiːf ʌv ðə ɡreɪt ˈkʌmpəniː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

debated verb US /dəˈbeɪtɪd/

past form of “debate” — argue with one another

From this reading “Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.”

fraction noun US /ˈfrækʃən/

a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process

From this reading “They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.”

intimately adverb US /ˈɪntəmətli/

in a close manner

From this reading “These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.”

invaluable adjective US /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/

having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

From this reading “Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.”

lawless adjective US /ˈlɔːləs/

without law or control

From this reading “And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.”

Montreal noun US /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/

a city in southern Quebec province on the Saint Lawrence River; the largest city in Quebec and 2nd largest in Canada; the 2nd largest French-speaking city in the world

From this reading “Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.”

presided verb US /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading “And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.”

statesman noun US /ˈsteɪtsmən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading “And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

councillors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

debatedverbUS /dəˈbeɪtɪd/

past form of “debate” — argue with one another

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

fractionnounUS /ˈfrækʃən/

a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

intimatelyadverbUS /ˈɪntəmətli/

in a close manner

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

invaluableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/

having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

From this reading Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.

lawlessadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːləs/

without law or control

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

MontrealnounUS /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/

a city in southern Quebec province on the Saint Lawrence River; the largest city in Quebec and 2nd largest in Canada; the 2nd largest French-speaking city in the world

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

presidedverbUS /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

signornounUS /ˈsiːnjɔːr/

used as an Italian courtesy title; can be prefixed to the name or used separately

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

statesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

statesmannounUS /ˈsteɪtsmən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such knowledge was invaluable to the chief of the Great Company.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading And thus, in his lawless camp, Montreal presided, not more as a general than a statesman.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading They could tell to a fraction the force of a signor, the wealth of a merchant, the power of a mob.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These men, drawn from various cities, were intimately acquainted with the internal affairs of the several states to which they belonged.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Montreal was sitting at the head of a table, surrounded by men, some military, some civil, whom he called his councillors, and with whom he apparently debated all his projects.

Chapter 32 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 258 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes contain?

Chapter 32 holds 258 sentences of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 258 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gioventudine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nutricato
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Latte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eloquenza
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.