Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes
Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 546 sentences across 110 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes
Context Illustration Reading 1/109 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.
Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.
But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.
With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”
The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is here in full — 546 sentences across 110 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/109 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.
Line 2
Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.
Line 3
But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.
Line 4
With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”
Line 5
The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conspiracies noun US /kənˈspɪrəsiz/

plural of “conspiracy” — a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading “These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.”

Legion noun US /ˈliːdʒən/

archaic terms for army

From this reading “These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.”

liberties noun US /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading “These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.”

organize verb US /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

create (as an entity)

From this reading “These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.”

Papal adjective US /ˈpeɪpəl/

proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles

From this reading “These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.”

quelled adjective US /kweld/

subdued or overcome

From this reading “These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.”

requisite noun US /ˈrekwəzət/

anything indispensable

From this reading “Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.”

reunited verb US /ˌriːuːˈnaɪtɪd/

past form of “reunite” — have a reunion; unite again

From this reading “These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

Amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

ArmedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

BaronsnounUS /ˈbærənz/

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

Catos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

conspiraciesnounUS /kənˈspɪrəsiz/

plural of “conspiracy” — a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

deemedverbUS /diːmd/

past form of “deem” — keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

disgustverbUS /dɪsˈɡʌst/

fill with distaste

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

establishverbUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

set up or found

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

executeverbUS /ˈeksəkjuːt/

kill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

favouritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

a competitor thought likely to win

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

hirelings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

insolencenounUS /ˈɪnsələns/

the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

LegionnounUS /ˈliːdʒən/

archaic terms for army

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

libertiesnounUS /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

organizeverbUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

create (as an entity)

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

PapaladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪpəl/

proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

preservationnounUS /ˌprezərˈveɪʃən/

the activity of protecting something from loss or danger

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

quelledadjectiveUS /kweld/

subdued or overcome

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

requisitenounUS /ˈrekwəzət/

anything indispensable

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

reunitedverbUS /ˌriːuːˈnaɪtɪd/

past form of “reunite” — have a reunion; unite again

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

Rienzi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

safelyadverbUS /ˈseɪfli/

with safety; in a safe manner

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

SenatornounUS /ˈsenətər/

a member of a senate

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

smotheredadjectiveUS /ˈsmʌðərd/

held in check with difficulty

From this reading The Senator smothered his disgust--he had learned at last to know that the age of the Catos was no more.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

soldierynoun

soldiers collectively

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

subduedadjectiveUS /səbˈduːd/

in a softened tone

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading With the insolence so peculiar to a race that has once been great, each Roman said, “Am I not better than a German?--Pay me, then, accordingly.”

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

trustedadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌstɪd/

(of persons) worthy of trust or confidence

From this reading Armed in the defence of their own institutions, he thus trusted to establish amongst her own citizens the only soldiery requisite for Rome.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These formidable conspiracies quelled, the Barons nearly subdued, and three parts of the Papal territory reunited to Rome, Rienzi now deemed he might safely execute one of his favourite projects for the preservation of the liberties of his native city; and this was to raise and organize in each quarter of Rome a Roman Legion.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading But so base were the tools with which this great man was condemned to work out his noble schemes, that none could be found to serve their own country, without a pay equal to that demanded by foreign hirelings.

Chapter 40 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 546 sentences, grouped into 110 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes contain?

Chapter 40 holds 546 sentences of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, unabridged, divided into 110 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 546 sentences, grouped into 110 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes?

Work through the 110 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 110 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Common questions about reading Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes?

Yes. All 7823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1396 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1396, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1565 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes section by section

How to work through Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gioventudine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nutricato
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Latte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eloquenza
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.