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Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters
Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
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The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.
From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.
The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.
Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.
Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.
Line 2
From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.
/frʌm ɔːl ˈkwɔːrtərz droʊvz ʌv ðə rɪˈfɔːrmd ənd ðə ˈpaɪəs keɪm ˈpresɪŋ tuː ðə ɡeɪts ʌv ðə ˈsɪti laɪk ʃiːp tuː ðə foʊld ənd dʌvz tuː ðə ˈwɪndoʊz/
Line 3
The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.
Line 4
Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.
/fɔːrˈsiːɪŋ ðæt ðə step ðeɪ hæd ˈteɪkən wʊd suːn biː ˈvɪzɪtɪd baɪ ðə ræθ ʌv ðə kwiːn ˈriːdʒənt ðeɪ riˈzɑːlvd tuː priˈper fɔːr ðə wɜːrst ənd maɪ ˈɡrændfɑːðər wɑːz ˈɔːrdərd tuː hoʊld hɪmˈself ɪn ˈredinəs fɔːr ə ˈdʒɜːrni/
Line 5
Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Argyle noun US /ˈɑːrɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading “The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.”

droves noun US /droʊvz/

plural of “drove” — a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading “From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.”

escorting verb US /ˈeskɔːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “escort” — accompany as an escort

From this reading “The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.”

Foreseeing verb US /fɔːrˈsiːɪŋ/

-ing form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading “Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.”

friars noun US /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading “The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.”

priory noun US /ˈpraɪəri/

religious residence in a monastery governed by a prior or a convent governed by a prioress

From this reading “The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.”

Reformer noun US /rɪˈfɔːrmər/

a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading “Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.”

reverberation noun US /riˌvɜːrbərˈeɪʃən/

the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves

From this reading “The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next day adjective + noun

In this reading “The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.”

on the morrow preposition + article + noun counted as “on … morrow”

In this reading “The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.”

in readiness preposition + noun

In this reading “Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.”

went back verb + particle counted as “go back”

belong to an earlier time

In this reading “Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.”

prepare for verb + particle

prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant

In this reading “Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.”

under the escorting preposition + article + noun counted as “under … escort”

In this reading “The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.”

heavy heart adjective + noun

In this reading “Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.”

spread far verb + particle

In this reading “The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

AndrewsnounUS /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

ArchbishopnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

ArgylenounUS /ˈɑːrɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

awakenedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪkənd/

aroused or activated

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

consternationnounUS /ˌkɑːnstərˈneɪʃən/

fear resulting from the awareness of danger

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

Crail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

distractionnounUS /dɪˈstrækʃən/

mental turmoil

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

dovesnounUS /dʌvz/

plural of “dove” — any of numerous small pigeons

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

drovesnounUS /droʊvz/

plural of “drove” — a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

Elspa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

escortingverbUS /ˈeskɔːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “escort” — accompany as an escort

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

foldnounUS /foʊld/

an angular or rounded shape made by folding

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

ForeseeingverbUS /fɔːrˈsiːɪŋ/

-ing form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

fortunesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

friarsnounUS /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

KnoxnounUS /nɑːks/

Scottish theologian who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland and wrote a history of the Reformation in Scotland (1514-1572)

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

mindedadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪndəd/

(used in combination) mentally oriented toward something specified

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

morrownounUS /ˈmɑːroʊ/

the next day

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

piousadjectiveUS /ˈpaɪəs/

having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

preachverbUS /priːtʃ/

deliver a sermon

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

prepareverbUS /priˈper/

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

pressingnounUS /ˈpresɪŋ/

the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

preventedverbUS /prɪˈventɪd/

past form of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

priorynounUS /ˈpraɪəri/

religious residence in a monastery governed by a prior or a convent governed by a prioress

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

readinessnounUS /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

ReformedadjectiveUS /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

ReformernounUS /rɪˈfɔːrmər/

a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

RegentnounUS /ˈriːdʒənt/

members of a governing board

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

reverberationnounUS /riˌvɜːrbərˈeɪʃən/

the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

Ruet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

smittenadjectiveUS /ˈsmɪtən/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

tidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Thus was he prevented from going to Crail with Elspa Ruet, who, with a heavy heart, went back in the evening with the man and horses that brought the Reformer to the town.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading From all quarters droves of the Reformed and the pious came pressing to the gates of the city, like sheep to the fold and doves to the windows.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Archbishop and the priests and friars were smitten with dread and consternation; the doom of their fortunes was evident in the distraction of their minds--but the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James Stuart, at the priory, remained calm and collected.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading The next day, Elspa Ruet, under the escorting of my grandfather, was minded to have gone home to Crail, but the news that John Knox was to preach on the morrow at St Andrews had spread far and wide; no man could tell by what wonderful reverberation the tidings had awakened the whole land.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

wrathnounUS /ræθ/

intense anger (usually on an epic scale)

From this reading Foreseeing that the step they had taken would soon be visited by the wrath of the Queen Regent, they resolved to prepare for the worst, and my grandfather was ordered to hold himself in readiness for a journey.

Chapter 11 of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters by John Galt holds 64 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters contain?

Chapter 11 holds 64 sentences of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters by John Galt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 64 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters

Common questions about reading Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters by John Galt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters?

Yes. All 4535 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30749 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30749, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters take to read?

About 377 minutes of reading across 907 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters section by section

How to work through Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Constancy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Torture
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Death--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ringan Gilhaize, or, The Covenanters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.