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Roadtown
Roadtown

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Roadtown is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.
The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.
There was no alternative.
The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.
Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roadtown

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Roadtown is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.
/ˈɪndəstri rɪˈtɜːrnz tuː ðə hoʊm æn ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl ˈfæktər ɪn ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ wɑːz ðə ˌɪnˈvenʃən ʌv stiːm ˈpaʊər/
Line 2
The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.
/ðə ˈɪndəstriz ðæt juːs məˈʃiːnz wɜːr fɔːrst aʊt ʌv ðə hoʊmz ənd ˈɪntuː ðə ˈfæktəriz/
Line 3
There was no alternative.
/ðer wɑːz noʊ ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/
Line 4
The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.
/ðə stiːm ˈdrɪvən məˈʃiːnz prəˈduːst ɡʊdz soʊ ˈtʃiːpli ðæt ðə hænd ˈpaʊər ɔːr hoʊm məˈʃiːn kʊd nɑːt ɜːrn ɪts ˈoʊnər ə ˈlaɪvlihʊd/
Line 5
Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belts noun US /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading “Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.”

cheaply adverb US /ˈtʃiːpli/

in a stingy manner

From this reading “The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.”

concentration noun US /ˌkɑːnsənˈtreɪʃən/

the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume

From this reading “Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.”

factories noun US /ˈfæktəriz/

plural of “factory” — a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading “The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.”

industries noun US /ˈɪndəstriz/

plural of “industry” — the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading “The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.”

influential adjective US /ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl/

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading “INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.”

livelihood noun US /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading “The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.”

manufacturing noun US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading “INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

natural tendency adjective + noun

In this reading “Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.”

great number adjective + noun

In this reading “Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

acquireverbUS /əˈkwaɪər/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

alternativeadjectiveUS /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/

serving or used in place of another

From this reading There was no alternative.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

beltsnounUS /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

cheaplyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːpli/

in a stingy manner

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

concentrationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsənˈtreɪʃən/

the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

factornounUS /ˈfæktər/

anything that contributes causally to a result

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

factoriesnounUS /ˈfæktəriz/

plural of “factory” — a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

factorynounUS /ˈfæktəri/

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

goodsnounUS /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

HOMEnounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

industriesnounUS /ˈɪndəstriz/

plural of “industry” — the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

INDUSTRYnounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

influentialadjectiveUS /ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl/

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

livelihoodnounUS /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

manufacturingnounUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

mechanicaladjectiveUS /məˈkænɪkəl/

using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no alternative.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

RETURNSnounUS /rɪˈtɜːrnz/

plural of “return” — document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

shaftsnounUS /ʃæfts/

plural of “shaft” — a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The steam driven machines produced goods so cheaply that the hand power, or home machine could not earn its owner a livelihood.

steamverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no alternative.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading INDUSTRY RETURNS TO THE HOME An influential factor in the development of manufacturing was the invention of steam power.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The industries that use machines were forced out of the homes and into the factories.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Thus the factory system developed, partly because of the mechanical necessity of concentration where the power from one engine could by the use of shafts and belts be made to run a great number of machines, and partly because of the natural tendency of the man with the most money to acquire possession of the factory and have others work for him.

Chapter 9 of Roadtown by Edgar Chambless holds 88 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Roadtown contain?

Chapter 9 holds 88 sentences of Roadtown, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Roadtown by Edgar Chambless exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 88 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Roadtown?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Roadtown

Common questions about reading Roadtown by Edgar Chambless on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Roadtown?

Yes. All 994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58964 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Roadtown is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58964, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Roadtown take to read?

About 82 minutes of reading across 199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Roadtown section by section

How to work through Roadtown section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Roadtown to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Roadtown

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roadtown, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dedicated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roadtown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pierpont
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roadtown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morgan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roadtown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Straight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roadtown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.