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Robert Burns
Robert Burns

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Robert Burns is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.
He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.
The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.
His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.
They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Robert Burns

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Robert Burns is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.
Line 2
He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.
Line 3
The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.
/ðə ˈtenənt ʌv ðɪs fɑːrm ˈmɪstər ˈprentɪs wɑːz æn ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk ædˈmaɪrər ʌv bɜːrnz ˈpoʊəmz ənd hæd səbˈskraɪbd fɔːr ˈtwenti ˈkɑːpiz ʌv ðə ˈsekənd əˈdɪʃən/
Line 4
His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.
Line 5
They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Clyde noun US /klaɪd/

a river in western Scotland that flows from the southern uplands into the Firth of Clyde; navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as Glasgow

From this reading “He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.”

describes verb US /dɪˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading “His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.”

Mains noun US /meɪnz/

plural of “main” — any very large body of (salt) water

From this reading “He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.”

pitchfork noun US /ˈpɪtʃfɔːrk/

a long-handled hand tool with sharp widely spaced prongs for lifting and pitching hay

From this reading “They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.”

poet's noun US /ˈpoʊəts/

possessive form of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading “His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.”

Prentice noun US /ˈprentɪs/

works for an expert to learn a trade

From this reading “The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.”

subscribed adjective US /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading “The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.”

triumphal adjective US /traɪˈʌmfəl/

relating to or celebrating a triumph

From this reading “FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

admirernounUS /ædˈmaɪrər/

a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

barn-yard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

BurnsnounUS /bɜːrnz/

United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

ChristophernounUS /ˈkrɪstəfər/

Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

ClydenounUS /klaɪd/

a river in western Scotland that flows from the southern uplands into the Firth of Clyde; navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as Glasgow

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

copiesnounUS /ˈkɑːpiz/

plural of “copy” — a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

corn-stack

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

Covington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

describesverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

EDINBURGHnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

enthusiasticadjectiveUS /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

having or showing great excitement and interest

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

farm-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

Lanarkshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

lentnounUS /lent/

a period of 40 weekdays from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

MainsnounUS /meɪnz/

plural of “main” — any very large body of (salt) water

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

Mossgiel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

pitchforknounUS /ˈpɪtʃfɔːrk/

a long-handled hand tool with sharp widely spaced prongs for lifting and pitching hay

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

poet'snounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

possessive form of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

ponynounUS /ˈpoʊniː/

a range horse of the western United States

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

PrenticenounUS /ˈprentɪs/

works for an expert to learn a trade

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

resting-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

sheetnounUS /ʃiːt/

any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

subscribedadjectiveUS /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

tenantnounUS /ˈtenənt/

someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

triumphaladjectiveUS /traɪˈʌmfəl/

relating to or celebrating a triumph

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading The tenant of this farm, Mr. Prentice, was an enthusiastic admirer of Burns' poems, and had subscribed for twenty copies of the second edition.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He rode on a pony, lent him by a friend, and as the journey took two days, his resting-place the first night was at the farm-house of Covington Mains, in Lanarkshire, hard by the Clyde.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading They were all asked to meet him at a late dinner, and the signal of his arrival was to be a white sheet attached to a pitchfork, and put on the top of a corn-stack in the barn-yard.

WINTERnounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading FIRST WINTER IN EDINBURGH The journey of Burns from Mossgiel to Edinburgh was a sort of triumphal progress.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading His son, years afterwards, in a letter to Christopher North, thus describes the evening on which Burns appeared at his father's farm:--"All the farmers in the parish had read the poet's then published works, and were anxious to see him.

Chapter 2 of Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp holds 197 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Robert Burns contain?

Chapter 2 holds 197 sentences of Robert Burns, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 197 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Robert Burns?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Robert Burns

Common questions about reading Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Robert Burns?

Yes. All 2565 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Robert Burns is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Robert Burns take to read?

About 213 minutes of reading across 513 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Robert Burns section by section

How to work through Robert Burns section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Robert Burns to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Robert Burns

Words and structures a reader meets early in Robert Burns, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Events
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Epochs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recede
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.