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Robert Burns
Robert Burns

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Robert Burns is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
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BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.
Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.
The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.
A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.
In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Robert Burns

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Robert Burns is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.
/ˈbɔːrdər ənd ˈhaɪlənd tʊrz/
Line 2
Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.
Line 3
The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.
/ðə deɪ ʌv ˈreɡjələr ˈtʊrɪŋ hæd nɑːt jet set ɪn ənd fjuː skɑːts æt ðæt taɪm wʊd hæv θɔːt ʌv ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ wʌt bɜːrnz kɔːld ðə ˈklæsɪk siːnz ʌv ðer ˈkʌntri/
Line 4
A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.
Line 5
In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cumberland noun US /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading “A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.”

districts noun US /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.”

highland noun US /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading “BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.”

Highlands noun US /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading “A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.”

Isles noun US /aɪlz/

plural of “isle” — a small island

From this reading “A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.”

surpassed verb US /sərˈpæst/

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.”

touring verb US /ˈtʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “tour” — make a tour of a certain place

From this reading “The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.”

tours noun US /tʊrz/

an industrial city in western France on the Loire River

From this reading “BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1787

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.

anticipatedadjectiveUS /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

ardournoun

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

associationsnounUS /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “association” — a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

BORDERnounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

BurnsnounUS /bɜːrnz/

United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

classicnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/

a creation of the highest excellence

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

CumberlandnounUS /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

districtsnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

enabledverbUS /eˈneɪbəld/

past form of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

GraynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

HIGHLANDnounUS /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.

HighlandsnounUS /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

historicadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

instalments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

IslesnounUS /aɪlz/

plural of “isle” — a small island

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

lakesnounUS /leɪks/

plural of “lake” — a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

PoetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

profitsnounUS /ˈprɑːfɪts/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

scenerynounUS /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

ScotsnounUS /skɑːts/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

ScottishnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

surpassedverbUS /sərˈpæst/

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

touringverbUS /ˈtʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “tour” — make a tour of a certain place

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

TOURSnounUS /tʊrz/

an industrial city in western France on the Loire River

From this reading BORDER AND HIGHLAND TOURS.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In his ardour to look upon places famous for their natural beauty or their historic associations, or even for their having been mentioned in some old Scottish song, Burns surpassed both Gray and Johnson, and anticipated the sentiment of the present century.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

visitingnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

the activity of making visits

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Some small instalments of the profits of his new volume enabled our Poet, during the summer and autumn of 1787, to make several tours to various districts of Scotland, famous either for scenery or song.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading A generation before this, poets in England had led the way in this--as when Gray visited the lakes of Cumberland, and Dr. Johnson the Highlands and the Western Isles.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The day of regular touring had not yet set in, and few Scots at that time would have thought of visiting what Burns called the classic scenes of their country.

Chapter 3 of Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp holds 214 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Robert Burns contain?

Chapter 3 holds 214 sentences of Robert Burns, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 214 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Robert Burns?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Robert Burns

Common questions about reading Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Robert Burns?

Yes. All 2565 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Robert Burns is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Robert Burns take to read?

About 213 minutes of reading across 513 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Robert Burns section by section

How to work through Robert Burns section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Robert Burns to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Robert Burns

Words and structures a reader meets early in Robert Burns, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Events
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Epochs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recede
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.