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Robert Burns
Robert Burns

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Robert Burns is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
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LAST YEARS.
During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.
It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.
In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.
Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Robert Burns

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Robert Burns is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LAST YEARS.
/læst jɪrz/
Line 2
During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.
Line 3
It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.
/ɪt ɪz ə ˈpeɪnfəl rəˈkɔːrd bʌt sɪns ɪt mʌst biː ˈɡɪvən ɪt ʃæl biː wɪð æz mʌtʃ ˈbrevəti æz ɪz kənˈsɪstənt wɪð truːθ/
Line 4
In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.
Line 5
Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biographer noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading “During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.”

brevity noun US /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading “It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.”

Burns's noun US /ˈbɜːrnzɪz/

possessive form of “burns” — United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading “During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.”

exasperation noun US /ˌeksæspərˈeɪʃən/

an exasperated feeling of annoyance

From this reading “During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.”

Excise verb US /ekˈsaɪs/

remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line

From this reading “In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.”

Galloway noun US /ˈɡæloʊweɪ/

a district in southwestern Scotland

From this reading “In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.”

spleen noun US /spliːn/

a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses

From this reading “Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.”

venting noun US /ˈventɪŋ/

the act of venting

From this reading “Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1793

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

accessnounUS /ˈækses/

the right to enter

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

admiredadjectiveUS /ədˈmaɪərd/

regarded with admiration

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

agreedadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːd/

united by being of the same opinion

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

belongingnounUS /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

happiness felt in a secure relationship

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

biographernounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

brevitynounUS /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

BurnsnounUS /bɜːrnz/

United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

Burns'snounUS /ˈbɜːrnzɪz/

possessive form of “burns” — United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

consistentadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪstənt/

(sometimes followed by “with”) in agreement or consistent or reliable

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

dislikedadjectiveUS /dɪˈslaɪkt/

regarded with aversion

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

Dumfries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

epigrams

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

exasperationnounUS /ˌeksæspərˈeɪʃən/

an exasperated feeling of annoyance

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

ExciseverbUS /ekˈsaɪs/

remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

excursionnounUS /ɪkˈskɜːrʒən/

a journey taken for pleasure

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

fortunesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

GallowaynounUS /ˈɡæloʊweɪ/

a district in southwestern Scotland

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

ill-temper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

incidentsnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading LAST YEARS.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

perusalnounUS /pərˈuːzəl/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

quarrelnounUS /ˈkwɔːrəl/

an angry dispute

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

spleennounUS /spliːn/

a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

Syme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading It is a painful record, but since it must be given, it shall be with as much brevity as is consistent with truth.

ventingnounUS /ˈventɪŋ/

the act of venting

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In July, 1793, Burns made an excursion into Galloway, accompanied by a Mr. Syme, who belonging, like himself, to the Excise, admired the poet, and agreed with his politics.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Syme has preserved a record of this journey, and the main impression left by the perusal of it is the strange access of ill-temper which had come over Burns, who kept venting his spleen in epigrams on all whom he disliked, high and low.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading During those Dumfries years little is to be done by the biographer but to trace the several incidents in Burns's quarrel with the world, his growing exasperation, and the evil effects of it on his conduct and his fortunes.

YEARSnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading LAST YEARS.

Chapter 7 of Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp holds 390 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Robert Burns contain?

Chapter 7 holds 390 sentences of Robert Burns, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 390 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Robert Burns?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Robert Burns

Common questions about reading Robert Burns by John Campbell Shairp on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Robert Burns?

Yes. All 2565 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Robert Burns is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Robert Burns take to read?

About 213 minutes of reading across 513 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Robert Burns section by section

How to work through Robert Burns section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Robert Burns to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Robert Burns

Words and structures a reader meets early in Robert Burns, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Events
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Epochs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recede
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Burns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.