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Robert Fulton
Robert Fulton

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Robert Fulton is here in full — 78 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Robert Fulton
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.
Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.
His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.
As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.
Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Robert Fulton

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Robert Fulton is here in full — 78 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.
/ˈpeɪntɪŋ ˈpɔːrtrəts ənd ˈmɪniətʃərz ðer kʌmz ɪn ˈevəri bɔɪz laɪf ə deɪ ʌv ɡreɪt dɪˈsɪʒən ɪt ɪz wen skuːl deɪz ɑːr ˈoʊvər ənd ðə bɔɪ feɪs tuː feɪs wɪð ðə ˈtɔɪlɪŋ wɜːrld ˌdɪˈsaɪdz baɪ wɪtʃ bræntʃ ʌv ˈɪndəstri hiː ʃæl pərˈfɔːrm hɪz ʃer ʌv ðə wɜːrldz wɜːrk tuː ɜːrn hɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ/
Line 2
Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.
/sʌtʃ ə deɪ keɪm tuː ˈrɑːbərt ˈfʊltən ənd hiː hæd priˈperd hɪmˈself fɔːr ɪt/
Line 3
His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.
Line 4
As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.
/æz hiː felt ðə kɔːl tuː ə ˈlɑːrdʒər fiːld ʌv ˈækʃən ðæn ˈlænkæstər əˈfɔːrdəd ɪt wɑːz ˈnætʃərəl ðæt ɪn ˈsiːkɪŋ hɪz ˈfɔːrtʃən hiː ʃʊd tɜːrn tuː ðə ˈnɪrəst bɪɡ ˈsɪti ˌfɪləˈdelfiə ˈnoʊtəd æz ə ˈsɛn.tər fɔːr ðə ˈpiːsfəl ɑːrts ʌv ðə ˈdʒentəl ˈkweɪkər foʊk ɪts ˈfaʊndərz/
Line 5
Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.
/ˈrɑːbərt ˈfʊltən wɑːz ˈsevənˈtiːn jɪrz oʊld wen hiː left ˈlænkæstər tuː teɪk ʌp hɪz əˈboʊd ɪn ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crayon noun US /ˈkreɪɑːn/

writing implement consisting of a colored stick of composition wax used for writing and drawing

From this reading “His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.”

decides verb US /ˌdɪˈsaɪdz/

third-person singular of “decide” — reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading “PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.”

enriched verb US /enˈrɪtʃt/

past form of “enrich” — make better or improve in quality

From this reading “His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.”

founders noun US /ˈfaʊndərz/

plural of “founder” — inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading “As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.”

Fulton noun US /ˈfʊltən/

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

From this reading “Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.”

miniatures noun US /ˈmɪniətʃərz/

plural of “miniature” — painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)

From this reading “PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.”

sketching verb US /ˈsketʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading “His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.”

sterner adjective US /ˈstɜːrnər/

comparative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading “His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

seventeen years adjective + noun

In this reading “Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.”

big city adjective + noun

In this reading “As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.”

school days noun + noun

In this reading “PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.”

take up verb + adjective

pursue or resume

In this reading “Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.”

share of verb + particle

In this reading “PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.”

comes in verb + particle counted as “come in”

to come or go into

In this reading “PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

boy'snounUS /bɔɪz/

possessive form of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

branchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

Caleb

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

centernounUS /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

crayonnounUS /ˈkreɪɑːn/

writing implement consisting of a colored stick of composition wax used for writing and drawing

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

decidesverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdz/

third-person singular of “decide” — reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

decisionnounUS /dɪˈsɪʒən/

the act of making up your mind about something

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

enrichedverbUS /enˈrɪtʃt/

past form of “enrich” — make better or improve in quality

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

foundersnounUS /ˈfaʊndərz/

plural of “founder” — inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

FultonnounUS /ˈfʊltən/

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.

lessonsnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

machine-shops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

MINIATURESnounUS /ˈmɪniətʃərz/

plural of “miniature” — painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

notedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

PAINTINGnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

pencilnounUS /ˈpensəl/

a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

PORTRAITSnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

QuakernounUS /ˈkweɪkər/

a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers)

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

seventeenadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːn/

being one more than sixteen

From this reading Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

sketchingverbUS /ˈsketʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

sterneradjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrnər/

comparative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such a day came to Robert Fulton and he had prepared himself for it.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

toilingadjectiveUS /ˈtɔɪlɪŋ/

doing arduous or unpleasant work

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

vocationnounUS /voʊˈkeɪʃən/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading His mother’s early lessons, the sterner teaching of Caleb Johnson, the visits to the machine-shops, the constant sketching with pencil and crayon,—all had enriched his mind for this day of the choice of vocation.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As he felt the call to a larger field of action than Lancaster afforded, it was natural that in seeking his fortune he should turn to the nearest big city, Philadelphia, noted as a center for the peaceful arts of the gentle Quaker folk, its founders.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading PAINTING PORTRAITS AND MINIATURES There comes in every boy’s life a day of great decision; it is when school days are over, and the boy, face to face with the toiling world, decides by which branch of industry he shall perform his share of the world’s work to earn his living.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Robert Fulton was seventeen years old when he left Lancaster to take up his abode in Philadelphia.

Chapter 4 of Robert Fulton by Alice Crary Sutcliffe holds 78 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Robert Fulton contain?

Chapter 4 holds 78 sentences of Robert Fulton, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Robert Fulton by Alice Crary Sutcliffe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 78 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Robert Fulton?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Robert Fulton

Common questions about reading Robert Fulton by Alice Crary Sutcliffe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Robert Fulton?

Yes. All 1634 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57742 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Robert Fulton is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57742, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Robert Fulton take to read?

About 136 minutes of reading across 327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Robert Fulton section by section

How to work through Robert Fulton section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Robert Fulton to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Robert Fulton

Words and structures a reader meets early in Robert Fulton, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Norwood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cushing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Berwick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.