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Robert Fulton
Robert Fulton

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Robert Fulton is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.
He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was a good engineer.”
The emperor was at the height of his power.
With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.
Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Robert Fulton

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Robert Fulton is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.
Line 2
He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard wasa good engineer.”
/hiː roʊt ə ˈletər tuː ðə frentʃ dərˈektəri ənd ˈɔːfərd tuː səbˈmɪt hɪz plæn ənd ɪkˈspleɪn hɪz ˈendʒən tuː nəˈpoʊliən huːm hiː hæd hɜːrd wɑːz ə ɡʊd ˈendʒəˈnɪr/
Line 3
The emperor was at the height of his power.
/ðə ˈempərər wɑːz æt ðə haɪt ʌv hɪz ˈpaʊər/
Line 4
With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.
/wɪð fræns ənd ˈɪŋɡlənd æt wɔːr dɪˈstɜːrbd kənˈdɪʃənz prɪˈveɪld θruːˈaʊt ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə ənˈrest ˈhɪndərd ɔːl ˈprɑːɡres/
Line 5
Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.
/ˈfʊltən ˈɔːfərd tuː ðə frentʃ ˈneɪʃən θruː ɪts ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ ˈbɑːdi hɪz ərˈɪdʒənəl ˈwepən tuː sɪˈkjʊr ðer səˈpreməsi əˈpɑːn ðə siːz θruːˈaʊt ðə wɜːrld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Directory noun US /dərˈektəri/

an alphabetical list of names and addresses

From this reading “He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.””

Fulton noun US /ˈfʊltən/

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

From this reading “BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.”

governing adjective US /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading “Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.”

hindered verb US /ˈhɪndərd/

past form of “hinder” — be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading “With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.”

Nautilus noun US /ˈnɔːtələs/

a submarine that is propelled by nuclear power

submarine noun US /ˈsʌbməriːn/

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading “BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.”

supremacy noun US /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading “Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.”

unrest noun US /ənˈrest/

a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

From this reading “With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wrote a letter verb + article + noun counted as “write … letter”

In this reading “He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.””

throughout the world preposition + article + noun counted as “throughout … world”

In this reading “Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.”

at the height preposition + article + noun counted as “at … height”

In this reading “The emperor was at the height of his power.”

upon the seas preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … sea”

In this reading “Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.”

at war preposition + noun

In this reading “With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The emperor was at the height of his power.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

BUILDINGnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

DirectorynounUS /dərˈektəri/

an alphabetical list of names and addresses

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

disturbedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɜːrbd/

having the place or position changed

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading The emperor was at the height of his power.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

engineernounUS /ˈendʒəˈnɪr/

a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

FultonnounUS /ˈfʊltən/

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

governingadjectiveUS /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The emperor was at the height of his power.

hinderedverbUS /ˈhɪndərd/

past form of “hinder” — be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

NautilusnounUS /ˈnɔːtələs/

a submarine that is propelled by nuclear power

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The emperor was at the height of his power.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The emperor was at the height of his power.

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

sea-shell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

SUBMARINEnounUS /ˈsʌbməriːn/

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

submitverbUS /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

supremacynounUS /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

torpedo-boat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BUILDING THE FIRST SUBMARINE And now Fulton began to build his submarine torpedo-boat and named it _Nautilus_, meaning a sea-shell.

unrestnounUS /ənˈrest/

a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

weaponnounUS /ˈwepən/

any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With France and England at war, disturbed conditions prevailed throughout Europe and the unrest hindered all progress.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Fulton offered to the French nation, through its governing body, his original weapon to secure their supremacy upon the seas throughout the world.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading He wrote a letter to the French Directory and offered to submit his plan and explain his engine to Napoleon, whom he had heard was “a good engineer.”

Chapter 9 of Robert Fulton by Alice Crary Sutcliffe holds 85 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Robert Fulton contain?

Chapter 9 holds 85 sentences of Robert Fulton, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Robert Fulton by Alice Crary Sutcliffe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 85 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Robert Fulton?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Robert Fulton

Common questions about reading Robert Fulton by Alice Crary Sutcliffe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Robert Fulton?

Yes. All 1634 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57742 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Robert Fulton is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57742, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Robert Fulton take to read?

About 136 minutes of reading across 327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Robert Fulton section by section

How to work through Robert Fulton section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Robert Fulton to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Robert Fulton

Words and structures a reader meets early in Robert Fulton, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Norwood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cushing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Berwick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Robert Fulton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.