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Robespierre
Robespierre

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Robespierre is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Robespierre
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!
Where will they take him?
To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.
Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.
They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Robespierre

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Robespierre is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!
Line 2
Where will they take him?
/wer wɪl ðeɪ teɪk hɪm/
Line 3
To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.
Line 4
Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.
Line 5
They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.
/ðeɪ lɪft hɪz hed ənd baɪnd ʌp hɪz waʊnd fɔːr hiː mʌst laɪv lɔːŋ ɪˈnʌf tuː rəˈsiːv ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Convention noun US /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading “To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.”

death's noun US /deθs/

possessive form of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading “DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!”

despot noun US /ˈdespət/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading “To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.”

populace noun US /ˈpɑːpjələs/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading “To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.”

retribution noun US /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)

From this reading “They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.”

scaffold noun US /ˈskæfəld/

a platform from which criminals are executed (hanged or beheaded)

From this reading “To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.”

vanquished verb US /ˈvæŋkwɪʃt/

past form of “vanquish” — come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading “DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!”

victorious adjective US /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading “To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

infinite care adjective + noun

In this reading “Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.”

second time noun + noun

In this reading “DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!”

long enough adjective + noun

In this reading “They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.”

bind up verb + adjective

In this reading “They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.”

in the courtyard preposition + article + noun counted as “in … courtyard”

In this reading “Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.”

live long verb + adjective

In this reading “They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.”

for the second preposition + article + noun counted as “for … second”

In this reading “DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

AssemblynounUS /əˈsembli/

a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

bindverbUS /baɪnd/

stick to firmly

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

ConventionnounUS /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

courtyardnounUS /ˈkɔːrt.jɑːrd/

An unroofed area that is completely or partially enclosed by the walls of a house.

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

DEATH'SnounUS /deθs/

possessive form of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

despotnounUS /ˈdespət/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

dyingadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Where will they take him?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

Hôtel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

infiniteadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfənət/

having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

KINDLYadjectiveUS /ˈkaɪndli/

showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

liftverbUS /lɪft/

raise from a lower to a higher position

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

litternounUS /ˈlɪtər/

the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

NationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

populacenounUS /ˈpɑːpjələs/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

raillerynoun

light teasing repartee

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

retributionnounUS /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

Robespierrenoun

French revolutionary; leader of the Jacobins and architect of the Reign of Terror; was himself executed in a coup d'etat (1758-1794)

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

scaffoldnounUS /ˈskæfəld/

a platform from which criminals are executed (hanged or beheaded)

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Where will they take him?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Where will they take him?

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

Tuileriesnoun

palace and royal residence built for Catherine de Medicis in 1564 and burned down in 1871; all that remains today are the formal gardens

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

vanquishedverbUS /ˈvæŋkwɪʃt/

past form of “vanquish” — come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

VEILnounUS /veɪl/

a garment that covers the head and face

From this reading DEATH'S KINDLY VEIL Robespierre has thus been vanquished for the second time!

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading To the Tuileries, to the Convention, into the very midst of the victorious National Assembly, where the dying despot is to be exposed to the raillery of the populace, before being carried to the scaffold.

Ville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where will they take him?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Where will they take him?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Robespierre is laid down in the courtyard of the Hôtel de Ville, and placed with infinite care on a litter.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading They lift his head and bind up his wound, for he must live long enough to receive the final retribution.

Chapter 16 of Robespierre by Ange Galdemar holds 214 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Robespierre contain?

Chapter 16 holds 214 sentences of Robespierre, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Robespierre by Ange Galdemar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 214 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Robespierre?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Robespierre

Common questions about reading Robespierre by Ange Galdemar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Robespierre?

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Which edition of Robespierre is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Robespierre

Words and structures a reader meets early in Robespierre, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Robespierre, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Robespierre, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.