Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District
Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.
So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.
There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.
However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.
With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.
Line 2
So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.
Line 3
There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.
/ðer ɑːr ˈsɜːrtənli ə skɔːr ðæt pəˈzes ðə ˈmerət ʌv ˌɪndɪvɪdʒuːˈælɪti/
Line 4
However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.
Line 5
With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conformity noun US /kənˈfɔːrməti/

correspondence in form or appearance

From this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

crags noun US /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

grandest adjective US /ˈɡrændəst/

superlative of “grand” — of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

intertwined verb US /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

past form of “intertwine” — spin, wind, or twist together

From this reading “So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.”

Lakeland noun US /ˈleɪklənd/

a popular tourist area in northwestern England including England's largest lake and highest mountain

From this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

routes noun US /ruːts/

plural of “route” — an established line of travel or access

From this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

Traverse verb US /ˈtrævərs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading “With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.”

variations noun US /ˌveriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “variation” — an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

different ways adjective + noun

In this reading “So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.”

recent years adjective + noun

In this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

In conformity preposition + noun

In this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

become less verb + particle

In this reading “With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.”

search of verb + particle

In this reading “_THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

bulknounUS /bʌlk/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.

ClimbverbUS /klaɪm/

go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

conformitynounUS /kənˈfɔːrməti/

correspondence in form or appearance

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

craftnounUS /kræft/

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

cragsnounUS /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

DATEnounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

grandestadjectiveUS /ˈɡrændəst/

superlative of “grand” — of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

individualitynounUS /ˌɪndɪvɪdʒuːˈælɪti/

the quality of being individual

From this reading There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.

intertwinedverbUS /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

past form of “intertwine” — spin, wind, or twist together

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

ITSdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

LakelandnounUS /ˈleɪklənd/

a popular tourist area in northwestern England including England's largest lake and highest mountain

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.

monopoliseverb

have and control fully and exclusively

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

Pendlebury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

PILLARnounUS /ˈpɪlər/

a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.

PURLIEUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

ROCKnounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

rock-climbing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

routesnounUS /ruːts/

plural of “route” — an established line of travel or access

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are certainly a score that possess the merit of individuality.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

trafficnounUS /ˈtræfɪk/

the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

TraverseverbUS /ˈtrævərs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

UPadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading With the development of the craft of rock-climbing the once popular, easy routes, such as the Old West Climb or the Pendlebury Traverse, have become less used than formerly.

variationsnounUS /ˌveriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “variation” — an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading However, though there is one important exception, that of the New West Climb, the old routes still monopolise the bulk of the traffic.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading So numerous and intertwined are some of the latter that it would be difficult to say by how many different ways the top of the famous rock can now be attained.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading _THE PILLAR ROCK AND ITS PURLIEUS UP TO DATE_ In conformity with its deserts as the grandest mass of crags in Lakeland, the Pillar Rock has, of recent years, received most attention from those in search of new routes and variations.

Chapter 23 of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District by Owen Glynne Jones holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District contain?

Chapter 23 holds 170 sentences of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District by Owen Glynne Jones exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District

Common questions about reading Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District by Owen Glynne Jones on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District?

Yes. All 5003 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56043 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56043, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District take to read?

About 416 minutes of reading across 1001 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District section by section

How to work through Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rock-Climbing in the English Lake District; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.