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Roderick, the last of the Goths
Roderick, the last of the Goths

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Roderick, the last of the Goths is here in full — 328 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/65 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.
Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.
That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.
Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.
But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roderick, the last of the Goths

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Roderick, the last of the Goths is here in full — 328 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/65 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.
Line 2
Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.
Line 3
That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.
Line 4
Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.
Line 5
But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!
/bʌt θɪŋk nɑːt kaʊnt ðæt bɪˈkɔːz ðaʊ ɑːrt wiːk wʌn ˈvæl.jənt ɑːrm wʌn ˈdʒenərəs ˈspɪrət mʌst biː lɔːst tuː speɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arduous adjective US /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading “That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.”

checking verb US /ˈtʃekɪŋ/

-ing form of “check” — examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading “Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.”

constitute verb US /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading “Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.”

disjointed adjective US /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

lacking orderly continuity

From this reading “Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.”

earthquake's noun US /ˈɜːrθkweɪks/

possessive form of “earthquake” — shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

incipient adjective US /ˌɪnˈsɪpiənt/

only partly in existence; imperfectly formed

From this reading “Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.”

partake verb US /pɑːrˈteɪk/

have some of the qualities or attributes of something

From this reading “Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.”

portentous adjective US /pɔːrˈtentəs/

of momentous or ominous significance

From this reading “Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.”

generous spirit adjective + noun

In this reading “But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!”

social order adjective + noun

In this reading “Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.”

old times adjective + noun

past times remembered with nostalgia

In this reading “That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.”

frame Of verb + particle

In this reading “Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.”

All words in this reading · 135

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

arduousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

asksverbUS /æsks/

third-person singular of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

Asturias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

BecomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

canstmodal verbUS /kænst/

an old form of “can”, used with “thou”

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

checkingverbUS /ˈtʃekɪŋ/

-ing form of “check” — examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

chuse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

CountrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

dastardnoun

a despicable coward

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

dauntlessadjective

invulnerable to fear or intimidation

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

desolating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

disjointedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

lacking orderly continuity

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

Dothauxiliary verbUS /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

earthquake'snounUS /ˈɜːrθkweɪks/

possessive form of “earthquake” — shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

electionnounUS /ɪˈlekʃən/

a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

fortitudenounUS /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

Hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

HeavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

HellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

incipientadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsɪpiənt/

only partly in existence; imperfectly formed

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

indignantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɪɡnənt/

angered at something unjust or wrong

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

loosen'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

murmursnounUS /ˈmɜːrmərz/

plural of “murmur” — a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

partakeverbUS /pɑːrˈteɪk/

have some of the qualities or attributes of something

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

Pelayo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

pledgedadjectiveUS /pledʒd/

bound by or as if by an oath

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

portentousadjectiveUS /pɔːrˈtentəs/

of momentous or ominous significance

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

restraintnounUS /rɪˈstreɪnt/

the act of controlling by restraining someone or something

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

RosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

TermsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

TheepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

TooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

valiantadjUS /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That which was common duty in old times, Becomes an arduous, glorious virtue now; And every one, as between Hell and Heaven, In free election must be left to chuse.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading But think not, Count, That because thou art weak, one valiant arm, One generous spirit must be lost to Spain!

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Asturias asks not of thee to partake The cup which we have pledged; she claims from none The dauntless fortitude, the mind resolved, Which only God can give; ... therefore such peace As thou canst find where all around is war, She leaves thee to enjoy.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Our portentous age, As with an earthquake’s desolating force, Hath loosen’d and disjointed the whole frame Of social order, and she calls not now For service with the force of sovereign will.

wrathnounUS /ræθ/

intense anger (usually on an epic scale)

From this reading Terms! cried Pelayo, cutting short at once That dastard speech, and checking, ere it grew Too powerful for restraint, the incipient wrath Which in indignant murmurs breathing round, Rose like a gathering storm, learn thou what terms Asturias, this day speaking by my voice, Doth constitute to be the law between Thee and thy Country.

Chapter 4 of Roderick, the last of the Goths by Robert Southey holds 328 sentences, grouped into 66 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Roderick, the last of the Goths contain?

Chapter 4 holds 328 sentences of Roderick, the last of the Goths, unabridged, divided into 66 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Roderick, the last of the Goths by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 328 sentences, grouped into 66 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Roderick, the last of the Goths?

Work through the 66 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 66 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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