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Roderick, the last of the Goths
Roderick, the last of the Goths

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Roderick, the last of the Goths is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 10 of Roderick, the last of the Goths by Robert Southey holds 339 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 10 holds 339 sentences of Roderick, the last of the Goths, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Roderick, the last of the Goths by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 339 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Vocabulary met early in Roderick, the last of the Goths

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roderick, the last of the Goths, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
* * * * * _Orary._—XVIII. p.
164.
“The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.
And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.
By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roderick, the last of the Goths

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Roderick, the last of the Goths is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
* * * * * _Orary._—XVIII. p.
Line 2
164.
Line 3
“The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.
Line 4
And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.
Line 5
By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ““The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading ““The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading ““The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.”

Worn verb US /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading ““The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

164

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 164.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

altar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

badge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

belonging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

bishops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

Braga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

canons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

clergy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

common

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

concerning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

Council

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

deacons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

debarred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

distinctions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

distinguishing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

expressly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

first

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

fourth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

habit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

Laodicea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

learn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

left

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

little

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

ministered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

Orarium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

Orary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * _Orary._—XVIII. p.

orders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

p

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * _Orary._—XVIII. p.

particular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

presbyters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

priests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

proper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

readers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

scarf

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From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

shoulder

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From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

shoulders

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From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

singers

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From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

speaks

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From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

subdeacons

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From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

surplice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

third

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From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

tippet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

Toledo

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From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

tunica

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

use

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

used

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading By which we learn that the _tunica_ or _surplice_ was common to all the clergy, the _orarium_ on the left shoulder proper to deacons, and on both shoulders the distinguishing badge of priests.—The fourth council of Toledo is most particular in these distinctions.

wear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading And the third council of Braga orders priests to wear the _orarium_ on both shoulders when they ministered at the altar.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading “The Council of Laodicea has two canons concerning the little habit called the _Orarium_, which was a scarf or tippet to be worn upon the shoulders; and might be used by bishops, presbyters, and deacons, but not by subdeacons, singers, or readers, who are expressly debarred the use of it in that council.—The first council of Braga speaks of the _tunica_ and the _orarium_ as both belonging to deacons.

XVIII

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From this reading * * * * * _Orary._—XVIII. p.