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Roger Willoughby
Roger Willoughby

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Roger Willoughby is here in full — 405 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Roger Willoughby
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.
It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.
Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.
"It is all I could get," he said.
"I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roger Willoughby

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Roger Willoughby is here in full — 405 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.
/ðə deɪ wɑːz pæst mʌtʃ æz ðə ˈfɔːrmər wʌn hæd bɪn ðoʊ ðeɪ hæd ə ʃɔːrt taɪm əˈlaʊd ðem tuː iːt ðə fuːd sæm hæd brɔːt/
Line 2
It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.
Line 3
Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.
/ˈhʌŋɡər hæd kəmˈpeld ðem tuː bɪˈɡɪn ˈmʌntʃɪŋ ðer braʊn bred wen sæm əˈpɪrd ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ə smɔːl ˈkwɑːntəti ʌv prəˈvɪʒən/
Line 4
"It is all I could get," he said.
/ɪt ɪz ɔːl aɪ kʊd ɡet hiː sed/
Line 5
"I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.
/aɪ æm mʌtʃ əˈfreɪd ðæt aɪ ʃæl nɑːt biː əˈlaʊd tuː brɪŋ juː mʌtʃ mɔːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

compelled verb US /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading “Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.”

dirty adjective US /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading “It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.”

Hunger noun US /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading “Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.”

knocked verb US /nɑːkt/

past form of “knock” — deliver a sharp blow or push

From this reading “It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.”

munching verb US /ˈmʌntʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “munch” — chew noisily

From this reading “Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.”

prisons noun US /ˈprɪzənz/

plural of “prison” — a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading “It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.”

provision noun US /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading “Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.”

quantity noun US /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading “Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "It is all I could get," he said.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

bringingnounUS /ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading "It is all I could get," he said.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading "It is all I could get," he said.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "It is all I could get," he said.

HungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "It is all I could get," he said.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "It is all I could get," he said.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

knockedverbUS /nɑːkt/

past form of “knock” — deliver a sharp blow or push

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

munchingverbUS /ˈmʌntʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “munch” — chew noisily

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

prisonsnounUS /ˈprɪzənz/

plural of “prison” — a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "It is all I could get," he said.

SamnounUS /sæm/

a guided missile fired from land or shipboard against an airborne target

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Hunger had compelled them to begin munching their brown bread, when Sam appeared bringing a small quantity of provision.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The day was passed much as the former one had been, though they had a short time allowed them to eat the food Sam had brought.

well-nighadverb

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was very hard and trying work, and they were well-nigh knocked up by the evening, when they had to return to their dirty prisons.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "I am much afraid that I shall not be allowed to bring you much more.

Chapter 4 of Roger Willoughby by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 405 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Roger Willoughby contain?

Chapter 4 holds 405 sentences of Roger Willoughby, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Roger Willoughby by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 405 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Roger Willoughby?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Roger Willoughby

Common questions about reading Roger Willoughby by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Roger Willoughby?

Yes. All 4033 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Roger Willoughby is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21484, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Roger Willoughby take to read?

About 336 minutes of reading across 807 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Roger Willoughby section by section

How to work through Roger Willoughby section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Roger Willoughby to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Roger Willoughby

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roger Willoughby, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Roger
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roger Willoughby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Willoughby
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roger Willoughby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roger Willoughby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roger Willoughby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.