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Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]
Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
EXPERIMENTS.
When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.
I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.
"First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."
Rollo did so, and Nathan tried to blow.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EXPERIMENTS.
/ɪkˈsperəmənts/
Line 2
When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.
Line 3
I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.
Line 4
"First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."
Line 5
Rollo did so, and Nathan tried to blow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bellows noun US /ˈbeloʊz/

(used in the plural) a mechanical device that blows a strong current of air; used to make a fire burn more fiercely or to sound a musical instrument

From this reading “When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.”

direct verb US /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading “I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.”

experiments noun US /ɪkˈsperəmənts/

plural of “experiment” — the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading “EXPERIMENTS.”

nailing verb US /ˈneɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “nail” — attach something somewhere by means of nails

From this reading “When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.”

perform verb US /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading “When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.”

philosophy noun US /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading “I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.”

Rollo noun US /ˈrɑːloʊ/

Norse chieftain who became the first duke of Normandy (860-931)

From this reading “"First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."”

thumb noun US /θʌm/

the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb

From this reading “"First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

bellowsnounUS /ˈbeloʊz/

(used in the plural) a mechanical device that blows a strong current of air; used to make a fire burn more fiercely or to sound a musical instrument

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Rollo did so, and Nathan tried to blow.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

EXPERIMENTSnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənts/

plural of “experiment” — the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading EXPERIMENTS.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

Jonas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

nailingverbUS /ˈneɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “nail” — attach something somewhere by means of nails

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

Nathan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

professornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

RollonounUS /ˈrɑːloʊ/

Norse chieftain who became the first duke of Normandy (860-931)

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Rollo did so, and Nathan tried to blow.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

thumbnounUS /θʌm/

the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading Rollo did so, and Nathan tried to blow.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When Jonas had finished nailing down the corner, he said, "Now there are several experiments, which we can perform with the bellows.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I will be the professor, and you two shall be my class in philosophy, and I will direct you how to make the experiments.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "First," said Jonas, "you, Rollo, may take hold of the nose of the bellows with your hand, in such a way as to put your thumb over the end of it, to stop it up, and then let Nathan try to blow."

Chapter 4 of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] by Jacob Abbott holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] contain?

Chapter 4 holds 142 sentences of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air], unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] by Jacob Abbott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]

Common questions about reading Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] by Jacob Abbott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]?

Yes. All 1943 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25206 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25206, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] take to read?

About 161 minutes of reading across 389 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] section by section

How to work through Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air] to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rollo's Philosophy. [Air], each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philosophy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rollo
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Learning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
School
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rollo's Philosophy. [Air]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.