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Romances of Old Japan
Romances of Old Japan

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Romances of Old Japan is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.
All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.
Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.
The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.
Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Romances of Old Japan

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Romances of Old Japan is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.
Line 2
All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.
Line 3
Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.
/ˈsʌdənli ɪn ðə roʊd hiː keɪm əˈpɑːn ə ɡruːp ʌv ˈbeɡərz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl ɡɜːrl drest æz ə ˈpɪlɡrəm/
Line 4
The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.
Line 5
Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assailants noun US /əˈseɪlənts/

plural of “assailant” — someone who attacks

From this reading “Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.”

booming adjective US /ˈbuːmɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.”

compassionately adverb US /kəmˈpæʃənətliː/

in a compassionate manner

From this reading “Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.”

cupidity noun US /kjuːˈpɪdɪti/

extreme greed for material wealth

From this reading “The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.”

resisting verb US /rɪˈzɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading “The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.”

tormenting verb US /ˈtɔːrmentɪŋ/

-ing form of “torment” — torment emotionally or mentally

From this reading “The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.”

wallet noun US /ˈwɔːlət/

a pocket-size case for holding papers and paper money

From this reading “The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.”

wrest verb US /rest/

obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading “The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

easy prey adjective + noun

In this reading “The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.”

wrest from verb + particle

In this reading “The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.”

little girl adjective + noun

a youthful female person

In this reading “Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.”

hurried home adjective + noun

In this reading “The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.”

came upon verb + particle counted as “come upon”

find unexpectedly

In this reading “Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

assailantsnounUS /əˈseɪlənts/

plural of “assailant” — someone who attacks

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

attacksnounUS /əˈtæks/

plural of “attack” — (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

beggarsnounUS /ˈbeɡərz/

plural of “beggar” — a pauper who lives by begging

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

bellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

boomingadjectiveUS /ˈbuːmɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

bravelyadverbUS /ˈbreɪvli/

in a courageous manner

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

Butaroku

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

compassionatelyadverbUS /kəmˈpæʃənətliː/

in a compassionate manner

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

cupiditynounUS /kjuːˈpɪdɪti/

extreme greed for material wealth

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

defendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

depressionnounUS /dɪˈpreʃən/

a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

disconsolatelyadverb

in grief-stricken loneliness; without comforting circumstances or prospects

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

Izæmon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

Jurobei

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

mercilessadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrsələs/

having or showing no mercy

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

partingnounUS /ˈpɑːrtɪŋ/

the act of departing politely

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

pilgrimnounUS /ˈpɪlɡrəm/

someone who journeys in foreign lands

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

procureverbUS /proʊˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

promptlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

resistingverbUS /rɪˈzɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

revengenounUS /riˈvendʒ/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

SeeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

stickverbUS /stɪk/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Seeing how matters stood, Jurobei promptly drove the beggars away with his stick, and then, to avoid the return of her assailants, he compassionately took the child by the hand and led her home with him.

tormentingverbUS /ˈtɔːrmentɪŋ/

-ing form of “torment” — torment emotionally or mentally

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Suddenly in the road he came upon a group of beggars surrounding a little girl dressed as a pilgrim.

walletnounUS /ˈwɔːlət/

a pocket-size case for holding papers and paper money

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The temple bell was booming the hour of parting day as Jurobei disconsolately hurried home.

wayfarernoun

a pedestrian who walks from place to place

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

wherewith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All his attempts had failed to procure the money wherewith to pay Izæmon's debt to Butaroku, and knowing that Butaroku was the kind of man to take a merciless revenge, he was in a mood of profound depression.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

wrestverbUS /rest/

obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

wretches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wretches, thinking her an easy prey to their cupidity, were tormenting the poor little wayfarer and trying to wrest from her the contents of her wallet, but she was bravely defending herself and resisting their attacks with great spirit.

Chapter 3 of Romances of Old Japan by Yei Theodora [Translator] Ozaki holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Romances of Old Japan contain?

Chapter 3 holds 171 sentences of Romances of Old Japan, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Romances of Old Japan by Yei Theodora [Translator] Ozaki exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Romances of Old Japan?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Romances of Old Japan

Common questions about reading Romances of Old Japan by Yei Theodora [Translator] Ozaki on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Romances of Old Japan?

Yes. All 3201 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45933 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Romances of Old Japan is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45933, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Romances of Old Japan take to read?

About 266 minutes of reading across 641 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Romances of Old Japan section by section

How to work through Romances of Old Japan section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Romances of Old Japan to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Romances of Old Japan

Words and structures a reader meets early in Romances of Old Japan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Romances of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gunbei
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Romances of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Watched
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Romances of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Execution
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Romances of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.