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Roughing It, Part 1.
Roughing It, Part 1.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Roughing It, Part 1. is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Roughing It, Part 1.
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.
We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).
We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.
And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.
Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roughing It, Part 1.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Roughing It, Part 1. is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.
/æz ðə sʌn went daʊn ənd ðə ˈiːvnɪŋ tʃɪl keɪm ɑːn wiː meɪd ˌprepərˈeɪʃən fɔːr bed/
Line 2
We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).
Line 3
We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.
Line 4
And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.
Line 5
Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bags noun US /bæɡz/

plural of “bag” — a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading “We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).”

improve verb US /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading “And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.”

knotty adjective US /ˈnɑːti/

making great mental demands; hard to comprehend or solve or believe

From this reading “We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).”

magazines noun US /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading “We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).”

nooks noun US /nʊks/

plural of “nook” — a sheltered and secluded place

From this reading “Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.”

projecting adjective US /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading “We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).”

stormy adjective US /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading “And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.”

uneven adjective US /əˈniːvən/

not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture

From this reading “We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

bagsnounUS /bæɡz/

plural of “bag” — a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

billowyadjective

characterized by great swelling waves or surges

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

boxesnounUS /ˈbɑːksəz/

plural of “box” — a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

canvasnounUS /ˈkænvəs/

a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

chillnounUS /tʃɪl/

coldness due to a cold environment

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

huntedadjectiveUS /ˈhʌntəd/

reflecting the fear or terror of one who is hunted

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

improveverbUS /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

knottyadjectiveUS /ˈnɑːti/

making great mental demands; hard to comprehend or solve or believe

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

letter-sacks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

magazinesnounUS /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

mail-bags

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

nooksnounUS /nʊks/

plural of “nook” — a sheltered and secluded place

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

projectingadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

redisposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

stormyadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

unevenadjectiveUS /əˈniːvən/

not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading We stirred up the hard leather letter-sacks, and the knotty canvas bags of printed matter (knotty and uneven because of projecting ends and corners of magazines, boxes and books).

upheaved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading We stirred them up and redisposed them in such a way as to make our bed as level as possible.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading As the sun went down and the evening chill came on, we made preparation for bed.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Next we hunted up our boots from odd nooks among the mail-bags where they had settled, and put them on.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading And we did improve it, too, though after all our work it had an upheaved and billowy look about it, like a little piece of a stormy sea.

Chapter 4 of Roughing It, Part 1. by Mark Twain holds 115 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Roughing It, Part 1. contain?

Chapter 4 holds 115 sentences of Roughing It, Part 1., unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Roughing It, Part 1. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 115 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Roughing It, Part 1.?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Roughing It, Part 1.

Common questions about reading Roughing It, Part 1. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Roughing It, Part 1.?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Roughing It, Part 1. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Roughing It, Part 1. take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Roughing It, Part 1. section by section

How to work through Roughing It, Part 1. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Roughing It, Part 1.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roughing It, Part 1., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.