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Roughing It, Part 1.
Roughing It, Part 1.

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Roughing It, Part 1. is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Roughing It, Part 1.
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.
Such a thing was very frequent.
From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.
This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.
The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roughing It, Part 1.

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Roughing It, Part 1. is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.
/ˈaʊər nuː kənˈdʌktər dʒʌst ʃɪpt hæd bɪn wɪˈθaʊt sliːp fɔːr ˈtwenti ˈaʊərz/
Line 2
Such a thing was very frequent.
/sʌtʃ ə θɪŋ wɑːz ˈveri ˈfriːkwənt/
Line 3
From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.
Line 4
This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.
/ðɪs wɑːz tuː meɪk fer əˈlaʊəns fɔːr ˈwɪntər stɔːrmz ənd snoʊz ənd ˈʌðər ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl ˈkɑːzəz ʌv dɪˈtenʃən/
Line 5
The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.
/ðə steɪdʒ ˈkʌmpəniː hæd ˈevriθɪŋ ˈʌndər strɪkt ˈdɪsəplən ənd ɡʊd ˈsɪstəm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contracts noun US /ˈkɑːntrækts/

plural of “contract” — a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

From this reading “From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.”

detention noun US /dɪˈtenʃən/

a state of being confined (usually for a short time)

From this reading “This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.”

Sacramento noun US /ˌsækrəˈmentoʊ/

a city in north central California 75 miles to the northeast of San Francisco on the Sacramento River; capital of California

From this reading “From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.”

schedule noun US /ˈskedʒʊl/

a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to

From this reading “From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.”

shipped verb US /ʃɪpt/

inflected form of “ship” — transport commercially

From this reading “Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.”

snows noun US /snoʊz/

plural of “snow” — precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading “This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.”

specified adjective US /ˈspesəfaɪd/

clearly and explicitly stated

From this reading “From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.”

unavoidable adjective US /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/

impossible to avoid or evade

From this reading “This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Such a thing was very frequent.

allowancenounUS /əˈlaʊəns/

an amount allowed or granted (as during a given period)

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

carsnounUS /kɑːrz/

plural of “car” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

conductornounUS /kənˈdʌktər/

the person who leads a musical group

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

contractsnounUS /ˈkɑːntrækts/

plural of “contract” — a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

detentionnounUS /dɪˈtenʃən/

a state of being confined (usually for a short time)

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Such a thing was very frequent.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

mailnounUS /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

MissourinounUS /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

nineteennounUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eighteen and one

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

rightlyadverbUS /ˈraɪtli/

with honesty

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

SacramentonounUS /ˌsækrəˈmentoʊ/

a city in north central California 75 miles to the northeast of San Francisco on the Sacramento River; capital of California

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

schedulenounUS /ˈskedʒʊl/

a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

shippedverbUS /ʃɪpt/

inflected form of “ship” — transport commercially

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

snowsnounUS /snoʊz/

plural of “snow” — precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

specifiedadjectiveUS /ˈspesəfaɪd/

clearly and explicitly stated

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

stage-coach

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such a thing was very frequent.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Such a thing was very frequent.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading From St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, by stage-coach, was nearly nineteen hundred miles, and the trip was often made in fifteen days (the cars do it in four and a half, now), but the time specified in the mail contracts, and required by the schedule, was eighteen or nineteen days, if I remember rightly.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

unavoidableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/

impossible to avoid or evade

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The stage company had everything under strict discipline and good system.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Such a thing was very frequent.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such a thing was very frequent.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading This was to make fair allowance for winter storms and snows, and other unavoidable causes of detention.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Our new conductor (just shipped) had been without sleep for twenty hours.

Chapter 6 of Roughing It, Part 1. by Mark Twain holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Roughing It, Part 1. contain?

Chapter 6 holds 66 sentences of Roughing It, Part 1., unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Roughing It, Part 1. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Roughing It, Part 1.?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Roughing It, Part 1.

Common questions about reading Roughing It, Part 1. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Roughing It, Part 1.?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Roughing It, Part 1. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Roughing It, Part 1. take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Roughing It, Part 1. section by section

How to work through Roughing It, Part 1. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Roughing It, Part 1.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roughing It, Part 1., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Roughing It, Part 1., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.