Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Roughing It, Part 4.
Roughing It, Part 4.

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Roughing It, Part 4. is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Roughing It, Part 4.
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.
We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.
Plainly the situation was desperate.
We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.
We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roughing It, Part 4.

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Roughing It, Part 4. is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.
/wiː siːmd tuː biː ɪn ə roʊd bʌt ðæt wɑːz noʊ pruːf/
Line 2
We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.
Line 3
Plainly the situation was desperate.
/ˈpleɪnli ðə ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən wɑːz ˈdesprɪt/
Line 4
We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.
/wiː wɜːr koʊld ənd stɪf ənd ðə ˈhɔːrsəz wɜːr ˈtaɪərd/
Line 5
We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avenues noun US /ˈævənuːz/

plural of “avenue” — a line of approach

From this reading “We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.”

build verb US /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading “We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.”

convinced adjective US /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading “We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.”

desperate adjective US /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading “Plainly the situation was desperate.”

directions noun US /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading “We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.”

regular adjective US /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading “We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.”

stiff adjective US /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading “We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.”

tested adjective US /ˈtestɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading “We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

avenuesnounUS /ˈævənuːz/

plural of “avenue” — a line of approach

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading Plainly the situation was desperate.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

PlainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Plainly the situation was desperate.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

sage-brush

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Plainly the situation was desperate.

snow-mounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.

testedadjectiveUS /ˈtestɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading We tested this by walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the true road, and that the others had found only false ones.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were cold and stiff and the horses were tired.

Chapter 2 of Roughing It, Part 4. by Mark Twain holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Roughing It, Part 4. contain?

Chapter 2 holds 65 sentences of Roughing It, Part 4., unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Roughing It, Part 4. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Roughing It, Part 4.?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Roughing It, Part 4.

Common questions about reading Roughing It, Part 4. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Roughing It, Part 4.?

Yes. All 808 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8585 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Roughing It, Part 4. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8585, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Roughing It, Part 4. take to read?

About 67 minutes of reading across 162 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Roughing It, Part 4. section by section

How to work through Roughing It, Part 4. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Roughing It, Part 4. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Roughing It, Part 4.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roughing It, Part 4., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caused
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Particular
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discomfort
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.