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Roughing It, Part 5.
Roughing It, Part 5.

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Roughing It, Part 5. is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Roughing It, Part 5.
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.
So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.
The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."
That was the very expression used.
If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roughing It, Part 5.

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Roughing It, Part 5. is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.
Line 2
So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.
/soʊ ˈevribɑːdi sed soʊ ˈevribɑːdi bɪˈliːvd ənd soʊ ðeɪ wɪl ˈɔːlweɪz seɪ ənd bɪˈliːv/
Line 3
The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."
/ðə ˈriːzən waɪ ðer wɑːz soʊ mʌtʃ ˈslɔːtərɪŋ dʌn wɑːz ðæt ɪn ə nuː ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈdɪstrɪkt ðə rʌf ˈeləmənt prɪˈdɑːməneɪts ənd ə ˈpɜːrsən ɪz nɑːt rɪˈspektɪd ənˈtɪl hiː hæz kɪld hɪz mæn/
Line 4
That was the very expression used.
/ðæt wɑːz ðə ˈveri ɪkˈspreʃən juːzd/
Line 5
If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cemetery noun US /ˈseməteri/

a tract of land used for burials

From this reading “The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.”

graves noun US /ɡreɪvz/

English writer known for his interest in mythology and in the classics (1895-1985)

From this reading “The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.”

industrious adjective US /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading “If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?”

mining noun US /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

From this reading “The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."”

predominates verb US /prɪˈdɑːməneɪts/

third-person singular of “predominate” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading “The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."”

respected adjective US /rɪˈspektɪd/

receiving deferential regard

From this reading “The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."”

slaughtering verb US /ˈslɔːtərɪŋ/

-ing form of “slaughter” — kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading “The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."”

Virginia noun US /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading “The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

cemeterynounUS /ˈseməteri/

a tract of land used for burials

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading That was the very expression used.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

gravesnounUS /ɡreɪvz/

English writer known for his interest in mythology and in the classics (1895-1985)

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

inquireverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪr/

address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

miningnounUS /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

murderedadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərd/

killed unlawfully

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

predominatesverbUS /prɪˈdɑːməneɪts/

third-person singular of “predominate” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

respectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪd/

receiving deferential regard

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

slaughteringverbUS /ˈslɔːtərɪŋ/

-ing form of “slaughter” — kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

twenty-sixadjective

being six more than twenty

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading That was the very expression used.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading That was the very expression used.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

Chapter 8 of Roughing It, Part 5. by Mark Twain holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Roughing It, Part 5. contain?

Chapter 8 holds 96 sentences of Roughing It, Part 5., unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Roughing It, Part 5. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Roughing It, Part 5.?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Roughing It, Part 5.

Common questions about reading Roughing It, Part 5. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Roughing It, Part 5.?

Yes. All 1124 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8586 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Roughing It, Part 5. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8586, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Roughing It, Part 5. take to read?

About 93 minutes of reading across 225 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Roughing It, Part 5. section by section

How to work through Roughing It, Part 5. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Roughing It, Part 5. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Roughing It, Part 5.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roughing It, Part 5., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Captain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 5.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indeed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 5.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spasmodic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 5.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rheumatism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Roughing It, Part 5.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.