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Roughing It, Part 5.
Roughing It, Part 5.

Chapter VIII

Cover illustration for Roughing It, Part 5.
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.
So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.
The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."
That was the very expression used.
If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roughing It, Part 5.

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.
Line 2
So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.
Line 3
The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."
Line 4
That was the very expression used.
Line 5
If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Believe noun US /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.”

Cemetery noun US /ˈcemetery/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.”

Done noun US /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."”

Everybody pronoun US /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading “So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."”

Honest adjective US /ˈɑnɪst/

truthful and trustworthy

From this reading “If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

arrived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

believenounUS /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

believed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

capable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

cemeterynounUS /ˈcemetery/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

district

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

donenounUS /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

element

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

expression

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That was the very expression used.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

graves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑnɪst/

truthful and trustworthy

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

individual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

industrious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

inquire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

killed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

mining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

murdered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

occupied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

person

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

predominates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

reason

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

respected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

rough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

slaughtering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.

twenty-six

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

unknown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If an unknown individual arrived, they did not inquire if he was capable, honest, industrious, but--had he killed his man?

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

used

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That was the very expression used.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That was the very expression used.

Virginia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The first twenty-six graves in the Virginia cemetery were occupied by murdered men.

why

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason why there was so much slaughtering done, was, that in a new mining district the rough element predominates, and a person is not respected until he has "killed his man."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading So everybody said, so everybody believed, and so they will always say and believe.