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Roughriders of the Pampas
Roughriders of the Pampas

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Roughriders of the Pampas is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.
To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.
The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.
They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.
There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Roughriders of the Pampas

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Roughriders of the Pampas is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.
Line 2
To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.
Line 3
The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.
Line 4
They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.
Line 5
There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attacks noun US /əˈtæks/

plural of “attack” — (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading “There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.”

conflicts noun US /kənˈflɪkts/

plural of “conflict” — an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading “To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.”

gauchos noun US /ˈɡaʊtʃoʊz/

plural of “gaucho” — a cowboy of the South American pampas

From this reading “To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.”

occurrence noun US /əˈkɜːrəns/

an event that happens

From this reading “To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.”

owners noun US /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading “The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.”

raids noun US /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading “The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.”

revolutionary adjective US /ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri/

markedly new or introducing radical change

From this reading “They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.”

revolutions noun US /ˌrevəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “revolution” — a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading “To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

frequent occurrence verb + noun

In this reading “To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.”

entirely unknown adverb + adjective

In this reading “There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.”

white men noun + noun

In this reading “There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.”

on the river preposition + article + noun counted as “on … river”

In this reading “There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

attacksnounUS /əˈtæks/

plural of “attack” — (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

attractionnounUS /əˈtrækʃən/

the force by which one object attracts another

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

BRIGANDS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

conflictsnounUS /kənˈflɪkts/

plural of “conflict” — an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

estancias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

gauchosnounUS /ˈɡaʊtʃoʊz/

plural of “gaucho” — a cowboy of the South American pampas

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

lucknounUS /lʌk/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

ne'er-do-wells

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

occurrencenounUS /əˈkɜːrəns/

an event that happens

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

ownersnounUS /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

Paraná

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

piraticaladjective

characteristic of pirates

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

raidsnounUS /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

ranchos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

revolutionaryadjectiveUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri/

markedly new or introducing radical change

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

revolutionsnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “revolution” — a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

rowdyismnoun

rowdy behavior

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

ruffianismnoun

violent lawless behavior

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

statesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

travellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading The unfortunate owners of the estancias had not only Indians and their raids to fear.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading There had been raids on estancias by white men before then, and piratical attacks on the river were not entirely unknown.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

WHITEnounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They were often enough wealthy men, for there was always a demand for cattle, and the very fact of their having wealth often proved an attraction to the many ne'er-do-wells who had come to the country to try their luck, or to join some revolutionary band.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading To begin with, revolutions and conflicts between the states into which South America was divided were of somewhat frequent occurrence, and then it is only to be expected that, being so close to the ranchos, and the hundreds of gauchos employed there, rowdyism and ruffianism were of occasional occurrence.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading WHITE BRIGANDS The River Paraná and its neighborhood were, in the days of which we write, not always very secure for travellers.

Chapter 11 of Roughriders of the Pampas by F. S. (Frederick Sadleir) Brereton holds 248 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Roughriders of the Pampas contain?

Chapter 11 holds 248 sentences of Roughriders of the Pampas, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Roughriders of the Pampas by F. S. (Frederick Sadleir) Brereton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 248 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Roughriders of the Pampas?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Vocabulary met early in Roughriders of the Pampas

Words and structures a reader meets early in Roughriders of the Pampas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Roughriders of the Pampas, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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