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Rowdy of the Cross L
Rowdy of the Cross L

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Rowdy of the Cross L is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rowdy of the Cross L
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.
He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.
When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.
But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.
When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rowdy of the Cross L

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Rowdy of the Cross L is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.
/ˈiːɡəl kriːk smɪθ hæd æt læst riːtʃt ðə pɔɪnt wer hiː mʌst feɪs nuː kənˈdɪʃənz ənd tʃeɪndʒ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈkʌstəmz/
Line 2
He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.
Line 3
When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.
Line 4
But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.
/bʌt ˈiːɡəl kriːk wɑːz ə mæn ʌv ˈriːsɔːrs/
Line 5
When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjust verb US /əˈdʒʌst/

alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard

From this reading “When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.”

bottoms noun US /ˈbɑːtəmz/

plural of “bottom” — the lower side of anything

From this reading “When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.”

fenced verb US /fenst/

past form of “fence” — enclose with a fence

From this reading “When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.”

gobbled verb US /ˈɡɑːbəld/

past form of “gobble” — eat hastily without proper chewing

From this reading “When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.”

ignore verb US /ˌɪɡˈnɔːr/

refuse to acknowledge

From this reading “He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.”

leasing verb US /ˈliːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “lease” — let for money

From this reading “When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.”

resource noun US /ˈriːsɔːrs/

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading “But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.”

starvation noun US /stɑːrˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

From this reading “He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.

adjustverbUS /əˈdʒʌst/

alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

barrennessnoun

the state (usually of a woman) of having no children or being unable to have children

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

benchesnounUS /ˈbentʃɪz/

plural of “bench” — a long seat for more than one person

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

bottomsnounUS /ˈbɑːtəmz/

plural of “bottom” — the lower side of anything

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.

buyingnounUS /ˈbaɪɪŋ/

the act of buying

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

couldn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

crisisnounUS /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

EaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

facingnounUS /ˈfeɪsɪŋ/

a lining applied to the edge of a garment for ornamentation or strengthening

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

farseeingadjective

capable of seeing to a great distance

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

fencedverbUS /fenst/

past form of “fence” — enclose with a fence

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

gobbledverbUS /ˈɡɑːbəld/

past form of “gobble” — eat hastily without proper chewing

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

ignoreverbUS /ˌɪɡˈnɔːr/

refuse to acknowledge

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

leasingverbUS /ˈliːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “lease” — let for money

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

reportedadjectiveUS /ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd/

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

resourcenounUS /ˈriːsɔːrs/

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.

round-up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

ShoesnounUS /ʃuːz/

a particular situation

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

starvationnounUS /stɑːrˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

twenty-fouradjectiveUS /ˈtwentifɔːr/

being four more than twenty

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading When he finally did confess to himself that things couldn't go on like that, others had been before him in leasing and buying land, until only the dry benches were left to him and his hungry herds.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But Eagle Creek was a man of resource.

water-holes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He could no longer ignore the barrenness of the range, or close his eyes to the grim fact that his cattle were facing starvation--and that in June, when they should be taking on flesh.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Eagle Creek Smith had at last reached the point where he must face new conditions and change established customs.

WoodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading When the round-up pulled in and Wooden Shoes reported to him the general state of the cattle, and told of the water-holes newly fenced and of creek bottoms gobbled by men more farseeing than he, Eagle Creek took twenty-four hours to adjust himself to the situation and to meet the crisis before him.

Chapter 8 of Rowdy of the Cross L by B. M. Bower holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Rowdy of the Cross L contain?

Chapter 8 holds 68 sentences of Rowdy of the Cross L, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Rowdy of the Cross L by B. M. Bower exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Rowdy of the Cross L?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rowdy of the Cross L

Common questions about reading Rowdy of the Cross L by B. M. Bower on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rowdy of the Cross L?

Yes. All 1568 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1907 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rowdy of the Cross L is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1907, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rowdy of the Cross L take to read?

About 130 minutes of reading across 314 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rowdy of the Cross L section by section

How to work through Rowdy of the Cross L section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Rowdy of the Cross L to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rowdy of the Cross L

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rowdy of the Cross L, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rowdy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowdy of the Cross L; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vaughan--he
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowdy of the Cross L; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowdy of the Cross L; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rowland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowdy of the Cross L; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.