Chapter 7 of Rowlandson the Caricaturist is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
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Chapter VII
Chapter 7 of Rowlandson the Caricaturist is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
_December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished. _The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn. 1787. _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking. 1787.
Chapter 7 of Rowlandson the Caricaturist is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
a waterproof filler and sealant that is used in building and repair to make watertight
From this reading “_View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.”
the last (12th) month of the year
torn down and broken up
From this reading “_View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.”
cut or impressed into a surface
From this reading “_December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.”
to some extent; in some degree; not wholly
From this reading “_View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.”
a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II
From this reading “_December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.”
edge of a way or road or path
From this reading “_The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn.”
characteristic of rural life
From this reading “_December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “_The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn.”
In this reading “_December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.”
In this reading “_December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
a waterproof filler and sealant that is used in building and repair to make watertight
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
the shore of a sea or ocean
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
a small house with a single story
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
the last (12th) month of the year
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
torn down and broken up
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
cut or impressed into a surface
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading _The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn.
a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers
From this reading _The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
to some extent; in some degree; not wholly
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
prepared and printed for distribution and sale
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
edge of a way or road or path
From this reading _The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
characteristic of rural life
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
the place where some action occurs
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
the vital principle or animating force within living things
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading _The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn.
the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one
From this reading _The Three Horse-shoes._--A roadside inn.
the act of going from one place to another
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
a way of regarding situations or topics etc.
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
the waging of armed conflict against an enemy
From this reading _View on the French Coast._--Partially dismantled ships of war, canted for caulking.
(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
in the company of; together with
From this reading _December 18, 1787._ _A Travelling Knife-grinder at a Cottage Door._ Published by T. Rowlandson, Poland Street.--A pretty rustic scene, etched with spirit and well finished.
Chapter 7 of Rowlandson the Caricaturist by Joseph Grego holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 7 holds 410 sentences of Rowlandson the Caricaturist, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 7 of Rowlandson the Caricaturist by Joseph Grego exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Rowlandson the Caricaturist by Joseph Grego on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 4789 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45980 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #45980, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 399 minutes of reading across 958 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Rowlandson the Caricaturist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 12 chapters of Rowlandson the Caricaturist to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Rowlandson the Caricaturist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
