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Rowlandson's Oxford
Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Rowlandson's Oxford is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.
The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”
The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.
A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.
How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Rowlandson's Oxford is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.
Line 2
The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”
/ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ˈaʊər ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti kərˈɪr ɪz mɑːrkt ənˈles wiː biː ˈstoʊɪks baɪ mɪkst ˈfiːlɪŋz ʌv ɪˈleɪʃən ənd ə ˈsɪŋkɪŋ æt ðə pɪt ʌv ðə ˈstʌmək wɪtʃ wiː ˈæftərwərdz lɜːrn tuː ˈrekəɡnaɪz æz ˈniːdəl/
Line 3
The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.
Line 4
A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.
/ə sens ʌv ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ənd ʌv ˈhævɪŋ tuː stænd ɔːr fɔːl baɪ aʊərˈselvz swiːps ˈoʊvər laɪk ə ˈtaɪdəl weɪv ˈliːvɪŋ ʌs ˌmoʊmənˈterəli tʃɪld ənd ˈnɜːrvəs/
Line 5
How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disadvantages noun US /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “disadvantage” — the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position

From this reading “THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.”

elation noun US /ɪˈleɪʃən/

an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression

From this reading “The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.””

fresher noun US /ˈfreʃər/

a first-year undergraduate

From this reading “THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.”

hansom noun US /ˈhænsəm/

a two-wheeled horse-drawn covered carriage with the driver's seat above and behind the passengers

From this reading “The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.”

moribund adjective US /ˈmɔːrəbənd/

not growing or changing; without force or vitality

From this reading “The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.”

pads noun US /pædz/

plural of “pad” — a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge

From this reading “THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.”

Stoics noun US /ˈstoʊɪks/

plural of “stoic” — a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno

From this reading “The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.””

tidal adjective US /ˈtaɪdəl/

of or relating to or caused by tides

From this reading “A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.”

tidal wave adjective + noun

an overwhelming manifestation of some emotion or phenomenon

In this reading “A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.”

mixed feelings adjective + noun

In this reading “The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.””

sweeps over verb + particle counted as “sweep over”

overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

In this reading “A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.”

breathless moment adjective + noun

In this reading “The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.”

from the top preposition + article + noun counted as “from … top”

In this reading “The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

breathlessadjectiveUS /ˈbreθləs/

not breathing or able to breathe except with difficulty

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.

chattels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

chilledverbUS /tʃɪld/

past form of “chill” — depress or discourage

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.

disadvantagesnounUS /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “disadvantage” — the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

elationnounUS /ɪˈleɪʃən/

an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

FarewellnounUS /ˌferˈwel/

an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

Filius's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

Footpads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

forlornadjectiveUS /fərˈlɔːrn/

marked by or showing hopelessness

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

FRESHERnounUS /ˈfreʃər/

a first-year undergraduate

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

fresher's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

goodsnounUS /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

hansomnounUS /ˈhænsəm/

a two-wheeled horse-drawn covered carriage with the driver's seat above and behind the passengers

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

HellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

isolationnounUS /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

a state of separation between persons or groups

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

momentarilyadverbUS /ˌmoʊmənˈterəli/

for an instant or moment

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

moribundadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəbənd/

not growing or changing; without force or vitality

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

MuchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

needlenounUS /ˈniːdəl/

the leaf of a conifer

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

nervousadjectiveUS /ˈnɜːrvəs/

easily agitated

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

padsnounUS /pædz/

plural of “pad” — a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

porternounUS /ˈpɔːrtər/

a person employed to carry luggage and supplies

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

prayersnounUS /prerz/

plural of “prayer” — the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving)

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

receivesverbUS /rəˈsiːvz/

third-person singular of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

recogniseverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

show approval or appreciation of

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

scornedadjectiveUS /skɔːrnd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

sinkingnounUS /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/

a descent as through liquid (especially through water)

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

StoicsnounUS /ˈstoʊɪks/

plural of “stoic” — a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

stomachnounUS /ˈstʌmək/

an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

sweepsnounUS /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

Terrae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

tidaladjectiveUS /ˈtaɪdəl/

of or relating to or caused by tides

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

universitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How different was the fresher’s arrival in the eighteenth century.

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading A sense of isolation, and of having to stand or fall by ourselves, sweeps over like a tidal wave, leaving us momentarily chilled and nervous.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The beginning of our university career is marked, unless we be Stoics, by mixed feelings of elation and a sinking at the pit of the stomach which we afterwards learn to recognise as “needle.”

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading The train journey may have seemed long, but at this first breathless moment when the porter receives our goods and chattels into his arms from the top of the moribund hansom, we could almost wish that we were back in the train again.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRESHER First arrival--Footpads and “easy pads”--Farewell to parents--A forlorn animal--Terrae Filius’s advice--Much prayers--“Hell has no fury like a woman scorned”--The disadvantages of a conscience.

Chapter 3 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Rowlandson's Oxford contain?

Chapter 3 holds 56 sentences of Rowlandson's Oxford, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford

Common questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Yes. All 2160 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42960 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rowlandson's Oxford is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42960, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rowlandson's Oxford take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rowlandson's Oxford section by section

How to work through Rowlandson's Oxford section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Rowlandson's Oxford to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rowlandson's Oxford

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rowlandson's Oxford, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collins--joins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smarts--forgets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.