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Rowlandson's Oxford
Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter XV · The Oxford Tradesman

Chapter XV of Rowlandson's Oxford, “The Oxford Tradesman,” is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.
Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.
His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.
He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.
One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter XV · The Oxford Tradesman

Chapter XV of Rowlandson's Oxford, “The Oxford Tradesman,” is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.
Line 2
Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.
Line 3
His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.
Line 4
He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.
/hiː sets aʊt ə ˈbjuːtəfəl ənd enˈtaɪsɪŋ web ɪn hɪz ʃɑːp ˈwɪndoʊ ənd sɪts ˈplæsɪdli ɪn ðə ˈdɑːrknəs ʌv hɪz bæk ˈpɑːrlər tuː əˈweɪt rɪˈzʌlts/
Line 5
One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dues noun US /duːz/

plural of “due” — that which is deserved or owed

From this reading “One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.”

enticing adjective US /enˈtaɪsɪŋ/

highly attractive and able to arouse hope or desire

From this reading “He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.”

exorbitant adjective US /ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtənt/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading “One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.”

Nemesis noun US /ˈneməsɪs/

(Greek mythology) the goddess of divine retribution and vengeance

From this reading “Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.”

Student's noun US /ˈstuːdənts/

possessive form of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

toasts noun US /toʊsts/

plural of “toast” — slices of bread that have been toasted

From this reading “_The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.”

trainers noun US /ˈtreɪnərz/

plural of “trainer” — one who trains other persons or animals

From this reading “_The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.”

Undergraduates noun US /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “undergraduate” — a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading “One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

shop window verb + noun

a window of a store facing onto the street; used to display merchandise for sale in the store

In this reading “He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.”

sets out verb + adjective counted as “set out”

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.”

in the darkness preposition + article + noun counted as “in … darkness”

In this reading “He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

AdvertisingnounUS /ˈædvərtaɪzɪŋ/

a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

Amhurst's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

awaitverbUS /əˈweɪt/

look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

confessionnounUS /kənˈfeʃən/

an admission of misdeeds or faults

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

dashverbUS /dæʃ/

run or move very quickly or hastily

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

DebtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

DodgingnounUS /ˈdɑːdʒɪŋ/

nonperformance of something distasteful (as by deceit or trickery) that you are supposed to do

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

duesnounUS /duːz/

plural of “due” — that which is deserved or owed

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

dunnounUS /dʌn/

horse of a dull brownish grey color

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

enticingadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪsɪŋ/

highly attractive and able to arouse hope or desire

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

exorbitantadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtənt/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

FathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

fliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

innkeepernounUS /ˈɪnkiːpər/

the owner or manager of an inn

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

Loiterernoun

someone who lingers aimlessly in or about a place

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

NemesisnounUS /ˈneməsɪs/

(Greek mythology) the goddess of divine retribution and vengeance

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

NewtonnounUS /ˈnuːtən/

English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

parlournounUS /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

penaltiesnounUS /ˈpenəltiz/

plural of “penalty” — the act of punishing

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

placidlyadverbUS /ˈplæsɪdli/

in a quiet and tranquil manner

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

pounces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

reckonedverbUS /ˈrekənd/

past form of “reckon” — expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

setsnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

sitsverbUS /sɪts/

third-person singular of “sit” — be seated

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

spidernounUS /ˈspaɪdər/

predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

spider-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

Student'snounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

possessive form of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

TicknounUS /tɪk/

a metallic tapping sound

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

toastsnounUS /toʊsts/

plural of “toast” — slices of bread that have been toasted

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

tradesmannoun

a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

Tradesman's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

Tradesmen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

trainersnounUS /ˈtreɪnərz/

plural of “trainer” — one who trains other persons or animals

From this reading _The Student’s_ opinion of one--A Tradesman’s poem and its result--Dodging the dun--Debt and its penalties--Tradesmen’s taste in literature--Advertising and _The Loiterer_--Tick--Dr Newton, innkeeper--Amhurst’s confession--Fathers and trainers of toasts.

UndergraduatesnounUS /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “undergraduate” — a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

webnounUS /web/

an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His methods are, and for that matter always were, rather spider-like.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading He sets out a beautiful and enticing web in his shop window, and sits placidly in the darkness of his back parlour to await results.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Like Nemesis, the Oxford tradesman has sooner or later to be reckoned with.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading One after another the Undergraduates, foolish flies, dash in; and then, when they have been given sufficient time--a year or so--the spider pounces and demands his just, but frequently exorbitant, dues.

Chapter 15 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Rowlandson's Oxford contain?

Chapter 15 holds 116 sentences of Rowlandson's Oxford, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford

Common questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Yes. All 2160 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42960 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rowlandson's Oxford is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42960, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rowlandson's Oxford take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rowlandson's Oxford section by section

How to work through Rowlandson's Oxford section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Rowlandson's Oxford to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rowlandson's Oxford

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rowlandson's Oxford, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collins--joins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smarts--forgets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.