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Rowlandson's Oxford
Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter XIX · Celebrities as Oxford Men

Chapter XIX of Rowlandson's Oxford, “Celebrities as Oxford Men,” is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.
Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.
The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.
We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.
We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter XIX · Celebrities as Oxford Men

Chapter XIX of Rowlandson's Oxford, “Celebrities as Oxford Men,” is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.
Line 2
Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.
/ˌækəˈdemɪk ˈɑːksfərd ʌv ðə eɪˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri hæz bɪn θroʊn ɑːn tuː ðə skriːn ɪn ˈdɪfərənt laɪts ənd frʌm ˈdɪfərənt saɪdz/
Line 3
The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.
Line 4
We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expensesupon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.
Line 5
We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bookworm noun US /ˈbʊkwɜːrm/

a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit

From this reading “Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.”

Dons noun US /dɑːnz/

plural of “don” — a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading “We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.”

incurring noun US /ˌɪnˈkɜːrɪŋ/

acquiring or coming into something (usually undesirable)

From this reading “We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.”

Methodism noun US /ˈmeθədɪzəm/

the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals

From this reading “Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.”

Resists verb US /rɪˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading “Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.”

restriction noun US /riˈstrɪkʃən/

a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading “We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.”

Undergraduate noun US /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwət/

a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading “We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.”

Undergraduates noun US /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “undergraduate” — a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading “The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.”

odd jobs adjective + noun counted as “odd job”

In this reading “We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.”

fine linen adjective + noun

In this reading “We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.”

passed through verb + particle counted as “pass through”

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.”

too lazy adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.”

same manner adjective + noun

In this reading “The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.”

free from verb + particle

In this reading “We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.”

own personal verb + adjective

In this reading “The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.”

All words in this reading · 215

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

abusingverbUS /əˈbjuːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “abuse” — treat badly

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

AcademicadjectiveUS /ˌækəˈdemɪk/

associated with academia or an academy

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

aggrandisementnoun

the act of increasing the wealth or prestige or power or scope of something

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

ambitionnounUS /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

amusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

AntagonismnounUS /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/

a state of deep-seated ill-will

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

apostasynoun

the state of having rejected your religious beliefs or your political party or a cause (often in favor of opposing beliefs or causes)

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

beautiesnounUS /ˈbjuːtiz/

plural of “beauty” — the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

BecomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

bookwormnounUS /ˈbʊkwɜːrm/

a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

bottlesnounUS /ˈbɑːtəlz/

plural of “bottle” — a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

BrayverbUS /breɪ/

braying characteristic of donkeys

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

bribesnounUS /braɪbz/

plural of “bribe” — payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

CardsnounUS /kɑːrdz/

a game played with playing cards

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

chapels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

claretnoun

a dark purplish-red color

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

cock-pit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

coffee-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

commonernounUS /ˈkɑːmənər/

a person who holds no title

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

dallying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

DelicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

DonsnounUS /dɑːnz/

plural of “don” — a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

drunkennessnounUS /ˈdrʌŋkənnəs/

a temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

earnestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

EdennounUS /ˈiːdən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

elbownounUS /ˈelboʊ/

hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

examinationsnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “examination” — the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

examinernounUS /ɪɡˈzæmənər/

someone who administers a test to determine your qualifications

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

expensesnounUS /ɪkˈspensəz/

plural of “expense” — amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

financiallyadverbUS /fəˈnænʃəli/

from a financial point of view

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

FoxnounUS /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

friendshipsnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

GermsnounUS /dʒɜːrmz/

plural of “germ” — anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

GibbonnounUS /ˈɡɪbən/

English historian best known for his history of the Roman Empire (1737-1794)

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

glazedadjectiveUS /ɡleɪzd/

(used of eyes) lacking liveliness

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

gownnounUS /ɡaʊn/

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

impositions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

impudencenoun

an impudent statement

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

incurringnounUS /ˌɪnˈkɜːrɪŋ/

acquiring or coming into something (usually undesirable)

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

inertadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnɜːrt/

unable to move or resist motion

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

jobsnounUS /dʒɑːbz/

plural of “job” — the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

lazyadjectiveUS /ˈleɪzi/

moving slowly and gently

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

lecturesnounUS /ˈlektʃərz/

plural of “lecture” — a speech that is open to the public

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

Malmesbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

MertonnounUS /ˈmɜːrtən/

United States religious and writer (1915-1968)

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

MethodismnounUS /ˈmeθədɪzəm/

the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

MidnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

oilnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

patronsnounUS /ˈpeɪtrənz/

plural of “patron” — a regular customer

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

pipenounUS /paɪp/

a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

prizenounUS /praɪz/

something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

puffingnounUS /ˈpʌfɪŋ/

blowing tobacco smoke out into the air

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

purplenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəl/

a purple color or pigment

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

regularsnounUS /ˈreɡjələrz/

plural of “regular” — a regular patron

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

ResistsverbUS /rɪˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

responsibleadjectiveUS /riˈspɑːnsəbəl/

worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

restrictionnounUS /riˈstrɪkʃən/

a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

ringverbUS /rɪŋ/

sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

scrapingnounUS /ˈskreɪpɪŋ/

(usually plural) a fragment scraped off of something and collected

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

scrapsnounUS /skræps/

food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

screennounUS /skriːn/

a white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

servitornoun

someone who performs the duties of an attendant for someone else

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

sixpencenoun

a small coin of the United Kingdom worth six pennies; not minted since 1970

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

skilfuladjective

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

SmartadjectiveUS /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

sneeringadjectiveUS /ˈsnɪrɪŋ/

expressive of contempt

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

sociallyadverbUS /ˈsoʊʃəli/

by or with respect to society

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

SubsequentadjectiveUS /ˈsʌbsəkwənt/

following in time or order

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

swaggeringadjectiveUS /ˈswæɡərɪŋ/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

tankards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

tavernsnounUS /ˈtævərnz/

plural of “tavern” — a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

ticknounUS /tɪk/

a metallic tapping sound

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Academic Oxford of the eighteenth century has been thrown on to the screen in different lights and from different sides.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

UndergraduatenounUS /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwət/

a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

UndergraduatesnounUS /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “undergraduate” — a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

VicarnounUS /ˈvɪkər/

a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

WallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading We have seen them amusing themselves, free from any kind of restriction, in taverns, town and gown rows, on the river, in the cock-pit and the prize ring, and dallying with the beauties under Merton Wall.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

wenching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

WesleynounUS /ˈwesli/

English clergyman and brother of John Wesley who wrote many hymns (1707-1788)

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles James Fox--Earl of Malmesbury--William Eden--Cards and claret--Midnight oil--Oxford friendships remembered afterwards--Edward Gibbon--Delicate bookworm--Antagonism towards Oxford--Becomes a Roman Catholic--Subsequent apostasy--John Wesley--Resists taking orders--Germs of ambition--America the golden opportunity--Oxford responsible for Methodism.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The Don, for the most part inert in his elbow chair, puffing at his glazed pipe, with many bottles and tankards at his elbow in the common room or the coffee-house; turning up his nose at the impudence of any man who wanted to work; too lazy, and in many cases too ignorant, to put skilful questions in the examinations; abusing his trust as an examiner by receiving bribes, in the same manner that he set the Undergraduates a lead in vice of all kinds outside the schools; earnest and eager in political strife of the Vicar of Bray type; keen on nothing but his own personal aggrandisement, either socially or financially--in all these lights he has passed through the picture.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading We have seen also the Undergraduate in all his class divisions--the humble servitor receiving sixpence a week from each of his gentleman patrons, doing the dirty work and odd jobs, keeping soul and body together on the scraps that fell from the rich men’s table, writing out their impositions and scraping an education in the meanwhile, God knows how; the gentleman commoner and the Smart, swaggering it abroad in the glory of their purple and fine linen, sneering at the dull regulars, cutting lectures and chapels, doing no work, incurring enormous expenses “upon tick,” following the example set by the Dons in drunkenness and wenching.

Chapter 19 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs holds 163 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Rowlandson's Oxford contain?

Chapter 19 holds 163 sentences of Rowlandson's Oxford, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 163 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford

Common questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Yes. All 2160 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42960 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rowlandson's Oxford is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42960, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rowlandson's Oxford take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rowlandson's Oxford section by section

How to work through Rowlandson's Oxford section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Rowlandson's Oxford to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rowlandson's Oxford

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rowlandson's Oxford, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collins--joins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smarts--forgets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.