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Rowlandson's Oxford
Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter XX · CELEBRITIES AS OXFORD MEN--(_continued_)

Chapter XX of Rowlandson's Oxford, “CELEBRITIES AS OXFORD MEN--(_continued_),” is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.
William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.
But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.
It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.
Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rowlandson's Oxford

Chapter XX · CELEBRITIES AS OXFORD MEN--(_continued_)

Chapter XX of Rowlandson's Oxford, “CELEBRITIES AS OXFORD MEN--(_continued_),” is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.
Line 2
William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.
Line 3
But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.
/bʌt æz ɪz soʊ ˈɔːfən ðə keɪs wɪð ˈfeɪməs men hɪz ˈdʒiːnjəs ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz laɪf taɪm rəˈsiːvd noʊ ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/
Line 4
It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈoʊnli wen ðə wɜːrld lɜːrnd ʌv hɪz deθ ˈæftər hiː hæz bɪn riˈmuːvd frʌm ə ˈmædhaʊs ðæt hɪz fjuː wɜːrks bɪˈɡæn tuː kʌm ɪn fɔːr ðə ˈnoʊtəs wɪtʃ ðeɪ dɪˈzɜːrvd/
Line 5
Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Joins noun US /dʒɔɪnz/

plural of “join” — the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made

From this reading “William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.”

lyric adjective US /ˈlɪrɪk/

expressing deep emotion

From this reading “William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.”

madhouse noun US /ˈmædhaʊs/

pejorative terms for an insane asylum

From this reading “It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.”

Messiah noun US /məˈsaɪə/

any expected deliverer

Pembroke noun US /ˈpembroʊk/

the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail

From this reading “William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.”

Pope's noun US /poʊps/

possessive form of “pope” — the head of the Roman Catholic Church

Smarts noun US /smɑːrts/

plural of “smart” — a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore

From this reading “William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.”

Translates verb US /trænzˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.”

lyric poet adjective + noun

In this reading “William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.”

Suffers horribly verb + particle counted as “suffer horribly”

In this reading “William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

AdamnounUS /ˈædəm/

(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

claimedverbUS /kleɪmd/

past form of “claim” — assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

CollinsnounUS /ˈkɑːlɪnz/

English writer noted for early detective novels (1824-1889)

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

deservedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

ForgetsverbUS /fərˈɡets/

third-person singular of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

freshmannounUS /ˈfreʃmən/

a first-year undergraduate

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

horriblyadverbUS /ˈhɔːrəbli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

JoinsnounUS /dʒɔɪnz/

plural of “join” — the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

killsnounUS /kɪlz/

plural of “kill” — the act of terminating a life

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

LosesverbUS /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

lyricadjectiveUS /ˈlɪrɪk/

expressing deep emotion

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

madhousenounUS /ˈmædhaʊs/

pejorative terms for an insane asylum

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

MessiahnounUS /məˈsaɪə/

any expected deliverer

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

PembrokenounUS /ˈpembroʊk/

the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

pluckverbUS /plʌk/

pull or pull out sharply

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading William Collins has been claimed as the greatest lyric poet of the eighteenth century.

Pope'snounUS /poʊps/

possessive form of “pope” — the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

ReadinessnounUS /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

recognitionnounUS /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

SamuelnounUS /ˈsæmjuːl/

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

SmartsnounUS /smɑːrts/

plural of “smart” — a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

successesnounUS /səkˈsesəz/

plural of “success” — an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

SuffersverbUS /ˈsʌfərz/

third-person singular of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

TranslatesverbUS /trænzˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

triumphantadjectiveUS /traɪˈʌmfənt/

joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

tutorverbUS /ˈtuːtər/

be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

undoubtedlyadverbUS /ənˈdaʊtɪdli/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Perhaps one of the reasons that life brought him no triumphant successes was the fact that he knew not how to work; and the blame of this undoubtedly falls upon Oxford.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

will-power

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But, as is so often the case with famous men, his genius during his life time received no recognition.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading William Collins--Joins the Smarts--Forgets how to work--Oxford kills his will-power--Loses his reason--Samuel Johnson at Pembroke--A lonely freshman--Translates Pope’s _Messiah_--Suffers horribly from poverty--Dr Adam, his tutor--Readiness and physical pluck--Love of showing off--His love of Pembroke.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading It was only when the world learned of his death, after he has been removed from a madhouse, that his few works began to come in for the notice which they deserved.

Chapter 20 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs holds 205 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Rowlandson's Oxford contain?

Chapter 20 holds 205 sentences of Rowlandson's Oxford, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 205 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford

Common questions about reading Rowlandson's Oxford by A. Hamilton (Arthur Hamilton) Gibbs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rowlandson's Oxford?

Yes. All 2160 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42960 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rowlandson's Oxford is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42960, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rowlandson's Oxford take to read?

About 180 minutes of reading across 432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rowlandson's Oxford section by section

How to work through Rowlandson's Oxford section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Rowlandson's Oxford to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rowlandson's Oxford

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rowlandson's Oxford, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collins--joins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smarts--forgets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rowlandson's Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.