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Rudin: A Novel
Rudin: A Novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Rudin: A Novel is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
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Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.
During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.
In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’
Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’
This recognition was, however, of slow growth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rudin: A Novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Rudin: A Novel is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.
Line 2
During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.
/ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst fɪfˈtiːn jɪrz ʌv hɪz laɪf hiː wʌn fɔːr hɪmˈself ðə ˈriːdɪŋ ˈpʌblɪk fɜːrst ɪn fræns ðen ɪn ˈdʒɜːrməni ənd əˈmerəkə ənd ˈfaɪnəli ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd/
Line 3
In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ becausea whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’
Line 4
Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it wasan honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’
Line 5
This recognition was, however, of slow growth.
/ðɪs ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən wɑːz ˌhaʊˈevər ʌv sloʊ ɡroʊθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

artistic adjective US /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading “In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’”

charmed adjective US /tʃɑːrmd/

strongly attracted

From this reading “In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’”

Constance noun US /ˈkɑːnstəns/

a lake in southeastern Germany on the northern side of the Swiss Alps; forms part of the Rhine River

From this reading “Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.”

hailed verb US /heɪld/

past form of “hail” — praise vociferously

From this reading “In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’”

incarnation noun US /ˌɪnˈkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

a new personification of a familiar idea

From this reading “In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’”

oration noun US /ɔːˈreɪʃən/

an instance of oratory

From this reading “In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’”

spokesman noun US /ˈspoʊksmən/

a male spokesperson

From this reading “In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’”

Translated verb US /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

belongsverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

charmedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːrmd/

strongly attracted

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

ConstancenounUS /ˈkɑːnstəns/

a lake in southeastern Germany on the northern side of the Swiss Alps; forms part of the Rhine River

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

Ernest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

funeralnounUS /ˈfjuːnərəl/

a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

Garnett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading This recognition was, however, of slow growth.

hailedverbUS /heɪld/

past form of “hail” — praise vociferously

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading This recognition was, however, of slow growth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

incarnationnounUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

a new personification of a familiar idea

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

orationnounUS /ɔːˈreɪʃən/

an instance of oratory

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

recognitionnounUS /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading This recognition was, however, of slow growth.

Renan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

Slavonicnoun

a branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading This recognition was, however, of slow growth.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

spokesmannounUS /ˈspoʊksmən/

a male spokesperson

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

Stepniak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This recognition was, however, of slow growth.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

Turgenevnoun

Russian writer of stories and novels and plays (1818-1883)

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Not the Russian world only, we may add, but the whole Slavonic world, to which it was ‘an honour to have been expressed by so great a Master.’

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by S. Stepniak] Turgenev is an author who no longer belongs to Russia only.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading In his funeral oration the spokesman of the most artistic and critical of European nations, Ernest Renan, hailed him as one of the greatest writers of our times: ‘The Master, whose exquisite works have charmed our century, stands more than any other man as the incarnation of a whole race,’ because ‘a whole world lived in him and spoke through his mouth.’

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading During the last fifteen years of his life he won for himself the reading public, first in France, then in Germany and America, and finally in England.

Chapter 1 of Rudin: A Novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev holds 437 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Rudin: A Novel contain?

Chapter 1 holds 437 sentences of Rudin: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Rudin: A Novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 437 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Rudin: A Novel?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rudin: A Novel

Common questions about reading Rudin: A Novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rudin: A Novel?

Yes. All 3454 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6900 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rudin: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6900, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rudin: A Novel take to read?

About 287 minutes of reading across 691 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rudin: A Novel section by section

How to work through Rudin: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Rudin: A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rudin: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rudin: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rudin: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rudin: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rudin: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garnett
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rudin: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.