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Rule of the Monk
Rule of the Monk

Chapter XXXIX · The Overthrow

Chapter XXXIX of Rule of the Monk, “The Overthrow,” is here in full — 13 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.
The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.
The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.
Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.
Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rule of the Monk

Chapter XXXIX · The Overthrow

Chapter XXXIX of Rule of the Monk, “The Overthrow,” is here in full — 13 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.
Line 2
The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.
Line 3
The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.
/ðə fɜːrst daɪd wɪð ə smaɪl ʌv skɔːrn əˈpɑːn hɪz lɪps fɔːr ðæt peɪd hɔːrd huː hæd ˈmæsəkərd ðem ten əˈɡenst wʌn/
Line 4
Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.
Line 5
Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

combating verb US /kəmˈbætɪŋ/

-ing form of “combat” — battle or contend against in or as if in a battle

From this reading “Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.”

forerunner noun US /ˈfɔːrʌnər/

a person who goes before or announces the coming of another

From this reading “The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.”

hordes noun US /hɔːrdz/

plural of “horde” — a vast multitude

From this reading “Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.”

insurgents noun US /ˌɪnˈsɜːrdʒənts/

plural of “insurgent” — a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)

From this reading “The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.”

Leonidas noun US /liˈɔːnɪdəz/

king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)

From this reading “The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.”

massacred verb US /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.”

mortally adverb US /ˈmɔːrtəli/

in such a manner that death ensues (also in reference to hatred, jealousy, fear, etc.)

From this reading “Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.”

sufferers noun US /ˈsʌfərərz/

plural of “sufferer” — a person suffering from an illness

From this reading “Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.”

noble countenance adjective + noun

In this reading “The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.”

beloved brother adjective + noun

In this reading “Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.”

looked down verb + adjective counted as “look down”

In this reading “The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

24th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

belongingnounUS /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

happiness felt in a secure relationship

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

belovedadjectiveUS /bɪˈlʌvd/

dearly loved

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

brethrennounUS /ˈbreðrən/

(plural) the lay members of a male religious order

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

brigadenounUS /brəˈɡeɪd/

army unit smaller than a division

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

Cairolis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

combatingverbUS /kəmˈbætɪŋ/

-ing form of “combat” — battle or contend against in or as if in a battle

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

constancynounUS /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

corpsenounUS /kɔːrps/

the dead body of a human being

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

dauntlessadjective

invulnerable to fear or intimidation

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

drearyadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

Enrico

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

FewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

forerunnernounUS /ˈfɔːrʌnər/

a person who goes before or announces the coming of another

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

Giovanni

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

heroicadjectiveUS /hɪˈroʊɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

hordenounUS /hɔːrd/

a vast multitude

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

hordesnounUS /hɔːrdz/

plural of “horde” — a vast multitude

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

insurgentsnounUS /ˌɪnˈsɜːrdʒənts/

plural of “insurgent” — a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

LeonidasnounUS /liˈɔːnɪdəz/

king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

massacredverbUS /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

misfortunesnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

mornnounUS /mɔːrn/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

mortallyadverbUS /ˈmɔːrtəli/

in such a manner that death ensues (also in reference to hatred, jealousy, fear, etc.)

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

patriotismnounUS /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

registerverbUS /ˈredʒɪstər/

record in writing; enter into a book of names or events or transactions

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

scornnounUS /skɔːrn/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

SeventyadjectiveUS /ˈsevənti/

being ten more than sixty

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

slaughternounUS /ˈslɔːtər/

the killing of animals (as for food)

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

sublimeadjectiveUS /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

sufferersnounUS /ˈsʌfərərz/

plural of “sufferer” — a person suffering from an illness

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

survivorsnounUS /sərˈvaɪvərz/

plural of “survivor” — one who lives through affliction

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

tearfuladjectiveUS /ˈtɪrfəl/

filled with or marked by tears

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

uniteverbUS /ˈjuːnaɪt/

act in concert or unite in a common purpose or belief

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

valorousadjective

having or showing valor

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of Rome.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman insurgents.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading Giovanni, all but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that dauntless brigade.

Chapter 39 of Rule of the Monk by Giuseppe Garibaldi holds 13 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 39 of Rule of the Monk contain?

Chapter 39 holds 13 sentences of Rule of the Monk, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 39 of Rule of the Monk by Giuseppe Garibaldi exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 13 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 39 of Rule of the Monk?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 39 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 39 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rule of the Monk

Common questions about reading Rule of the Monk by Giuseppe Garibaldi on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rule of the Monk?

Yes. All 3248 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38486 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rule of the Monk is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38486, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rule of the Monk take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 650 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rule of the Monk section by section

How to work through Rule of the Monk section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Rule of the Monk to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rule of the Monk

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rule of the Monk, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nineteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rule of the Monk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rule of the Monk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rule of the Monk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Renowned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rule of the Monk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.