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Runnymede and Lincoln Fair
Runnymede and Lincoln Fair

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.
On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.
Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.
Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.
John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Runnymede and Lincoln Fair

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.
Line 2
On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.
Line 3
Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.
/ˈfɔːrmoʊst əˈmʌŋ ðem wɑːz ə bɔɪ ʌv ˈfɔːrˈtiːn wɪð ə ˈθɔːtfəl ˈkaʊntənəns ənd ˈhænsəm ɔːlˈbiːɪt ðə her wɑːz ˈsʌmˈwʌt tuː red ənd əˈtræktɪd mʌtʃ əˈtenʃən fɔːr hiː wɑːz er tuː ðə kraʊn ʌv ˈskɑːtlənd ənd hɪz ˈfɑːðər ˈbiːɪŋ oʊld hiː hæd ðə ˈprɑːspekt ʌv ˈɜːrli ˈkʌmɪŋ tuː hɪz ˈkɪŋdəm/
Line 4
Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.
Line 5
John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

albeit conjunction US /ɔːlˈbiːɪt/

although

From this reading “Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.”

contended verb US /kənˈtendɪd/

past form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading “Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.”

feudal adjective US /ˈfjuːdəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism

From this reading “THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.”

heirs noun US /erz/

plural of “heir” — a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another

From this reading “On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.”

knighted verb US /ˈnaɪtɪd/

past form of “knight” — raise (someone) to knighthood

From this reading “On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.”

Priory noun US /ˈpraɪəri/

religious residence in a monastery governed by a prior or a convent governed by a prioress

From this reading “On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.”

rampant adjective US /ˈræmpənt/

unrestrained and violent

From this reading “THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.”

vassals noun US /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading “On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.”

contended for verb + particle counted as “contend for”

In this reading “Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.”

young daughter adjective + noun

In this reading “John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.”

in view preposition + noun

In this reading “John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1213

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

3rd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

albeitconjunctionUS /ɔːlˈbiːɪt/

although

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

alliancenounUS /əˈlaɪəns/

the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

bridenounUS /braɪd/

a woman who has recently been married

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

ceremonynounUS /ˈserəmoʊni/

a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

Clerkenwell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

contendedverbUS /kənˈtendɪd/

past form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

feudaladjectiveUS /ˈfjuːdəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

ForemostadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmoʊst/

ranking above all others

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

fourteennounUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

heirnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

heirsnounUS /erz/

plural of “heir” — a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

JerusalemnounUS /dʒərˈuːsələm/

capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel (although its status as capital is disputed)

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

Joan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

KingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

knightedverbUS /ˈnaɪtɪd/

past form of “knight” — raise (someone) to knighthood

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

KnightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

LIONnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

MoreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

princenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

PriorynounUS /ˈpraɪəri/

religious residence in a monastery governed by a prior or a convent governed by a prioress

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

provideverbUS /prəˈvaɪd/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

RAMPANTadjectiveUS /ˈræmpənt/

unrestrained and violent

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

red-haired

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

RUDDYadjectiveUS /ˈrʌdi/

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

ScottishnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

suitableadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtəbəl/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Moreover, the alliance of this red-haired lad was contended for by the rival Kings of England and France.

thoughtfuladjectiveUS /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

twenty-onenounUS /ˈtwentiwɔːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty and one

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

vassalsnounUS /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading John, probably with his young daughter Joan in view, offered to provide the Scottish prince with a suitable bride.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE RUDDY LION RAMPANT On the 3rd of March, 1213, a great feudal ceremony was performed at Clerkenwell.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Foremost among them was a boy of fourteen, with a thoughtful countenance and handsome, albeit the hair was somewhat too red, and attracted much attention; for he was heir to the crown of Scotland, and, his father being old, he had the prospect of early coming to his kingdom.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading On that day, at the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the King of England knighted twenty-one young men of noble name, the heirs of the great vassals of the crown.

Chapter 23 of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair by John G. (John George) Edgar holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair contain?

Chapter 23 holds 35 sentences of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair by John G. (John George) Edgar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Runnymede and Lincoln Fair

Common questions about reading Runnymede and Lincoln Fair by John G. (John George) Edgar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair?

Yes. All 3269 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47923 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47923, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Runnymede and Lincoln Fair take to read?

About 272 minutes of reading across 654 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Runnymede and Lincoln Fair section by section

How to work through Runnymede and Lincoln Fair section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Runnymede and Lincoln Fair

Words and structures a reader meets early in Runnymede and Lincoln Fair, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dutton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Runnymede
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lincoln
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Runnymede and Lincoln Fair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.