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Rural architecture
Rural architecture

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Rural architecture is here in full — 443 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CHIMNEY TOPS.
Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.
We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.
Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.
They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rural architecture

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Rural architecture is here in full — 443 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CHIMNEY TOPS.
/ˈtʃɪmni tɑːps/
Line 2
Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.
/ˈnʌθɪŋ ædz mɔːr tuː ðə ˈaʊtwərd ɪkˈspreʃən ʌv ə ˈdwelɪŋ ðæn ðə staɪl ʌv ɪts ˈtʃɪmniz/
Line 3
We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.
/wiː hæv dʒʌst ʃoʊn ðæt ˌɪndɪˈpendənt ˈtʃɪmni tɑːps pæs ɔːf ðer smoʊk mɔːr ˈpɜːrfəktli ðæn wen ˈoʊnli pɑːrˈtɪʃənd ˌɪnˈsaɪd tuː ðə ˈkɑːmən pɔɪnt ʌv ˈaʊtlet/
Line 4
Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.
Line 5
They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adds noun US /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading “Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.”

architectural adjective US /ˌɑːrkəˈtektʃərəl/

of or pertaining to the art and science of architecture

From this reading “Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.”

chimneys noun US /ˈtʃɪmniz/

plural of “chimney” — a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading “Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.”

denote verb US /dɪˈnoʊt/

be a sign or indication of

From this reading “They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.”

outlet noun US /ˈaʊtlet/

a place of business for retailing goods

From this reading “We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.”

partitioned verb US /pɑːrˈtɪʃənd/

past form of “partition” — divide into parts, pieces, or sections

From this reading “We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.”

piles noun US /paɪlz/

venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter

From this reading “Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.”

tops adjective US /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading “CHIMNEY TOPS.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

addsnounUS /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

architecturaladjectiveUS /ˌɑːrkəˈtektʃərəl/

of or pertaining to the art and science of architecture

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

AsideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

cheerverbUS /tʃɪr/

give encouragement to

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

CHIMNEYnounUS /ˈtʃɪmni/

a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading CHIMNEY TOPS.

chimneysnounUS /ˈtʃɪmniz/

plural of “chimney” — a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

denoteverbUS /dɪˈnoʊt/

be a sign or indication of

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

dwellingnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋ/

housing that someone is living in

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

firesides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

flues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

hospitalitynounUS /ˌhɑːspəˈtæləti/

kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

outletnounUS /ˈaʊtlet/

a place of business for retailing goods

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

outwardadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtwərd/

relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

partitionedverbUS /pɑːrˈtɪʃənd/

past form of “partition” — divide into parts, pieces, or sections

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

pilesnounUS /paɪlz/

venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

square-sided

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nothing adds more to the outward expression of a dwelling, than the style of its chimneys.

TOPSadjectiveUS /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading CHIMNEY TOPS.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We have just shown that independent chimney tops pass off their smoke more perfectly, than when only partitioned inside to the common point of outlet.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Aside from the architectural beauty which a group of chimney flues adds to the building, we have seen that they are really useful, beyond the formal, square-sided piles so common throughout the country.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading They denote good cheer, social firesides, and a generous hospitality within--features which should always mark the country dwelling; and more particularly that of the farmer.

Chapter 2 of Rural architecture by Lewis F. (Lewis Falley) Allen holds 443 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Rural architecture contain?

Chapter 2 holds 443 sentences of Rural architecture, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Rural architecture by Lewis F. (Lewis Falley) Allen exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 443 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Rural architecture?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rural architecture

Common questions about reading Rural architecture by Lewis F. (Lewis Falley) Allen on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rural architecture?

Yes. All 2659 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19998 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rural architecture is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19998, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rural architecture take to read?

About 221 minutes of reading across 532 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rural architecture section by section

How to work through Rural architecture section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Rural architecture to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rural architecture

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rural architecture, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Architecture
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Workshops
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.