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Rural architecture
Rural architecture

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Rural architecture is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.
It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.
The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.
The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.
If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rural architecture

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Rural architecture is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.
/æz tuː loʊˈkæləti ðə ˈkɪtʃən ˈɡɑːrdən ʃʊd laɪ ɪn ðə ˈwɔːrməst ənd moʊst ˈʃeltərd spɑːt wɪtʃ meɪ biː kənˈviːnjənt tuː ðə ˈkɪtʃən ʌv ðə haʊs/
Line 2
It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.
Line 3
The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.
/ðə saɪz meɪ biː sʌtʃ æz jɔːr nəˈsesɪtiz ɔːr jɔːr kənˈviːnjəns meɪ dɪˈmænd/
Line 4
The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.
Line 5
If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.
/ɪf ðə ˈɡɑːrdən biː lɑːrdʒ ðɪs ʃeɪp wɪl ˈbetər əˈlaʊ ðə juːs ʌv ðə plaʊ tuː tɜːrn ʌp ðə sɔɪl wɪtʃ ɪn ə lɑːrdʒ ˈɡɑːrdən ɪz ə mʌtʃ ˈtʃiːpər ənd wen ˈprɑːpərli dʌn ə ˈbetər moʊd ðæn tuː speɪd ɪt ənd ɪf smɔːl ənd ɪt biː wɜːrkt wɪð ðə speɪd raɪt laɪnz ɑːr ˈiːziər meɪd wɪð ðə speɪd ðæn kɜːrvd wʌnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allotted adjective US /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading “The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.”

cheaper adjective US /ˈtʃiːpər/

comparative of “cheap” — relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading “If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.”

curved adjective US /kɜːrvd/

having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend

From this reading “If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.”

locality noun US /loʊˈkæləti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading “As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.”

necessities noun US /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading “The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.”

plow verb US /plaʊ/

to break and turn over earth especially with a plow

From this reading “If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.”

spade noun US /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading “If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.”

warmest adjective US /ˈwɔːrməst/

superlative of “warm” — having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

accessnounUS /ˈækses/

the right to enter

From this reading It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.

allottedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

cheaperadjectiveUS /ˈtʃiːpər/

comparative of “cheap” — relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.

conveniencenounUS /kənˈviːnjəns/

the state of being suitable or opportune

From this reading The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.

convenientadjectiveUS /kənˈviːnjənt/

suited to your comfort or purpose or needs

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

curvedadjectiveUS /kɜːrvd/

having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

dung-yards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

localitynounUS /loʊˈkæləti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

necessitiesnounUS /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.

parallelogramnoun

a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are both parallel and equal in length

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

plowverbUS /plaʊ/

to break and turn over earth especially with a plow

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

profitnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

recollectedverbUS /ˌrekəˈlektɪd/

past form of “recollect” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

shelteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃeltərd/

protected from danger or bad weather

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

spadenounUS /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

stablesnounUS /ˈsteɪbəlz/

plural of “stable” — a farm building for housing horses or other livestock

From this reading It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

warmestadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːrməst/

superlative of “warm” — having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As to locality, the kitchen garden should lie in the _warmest_ and _most sheltered_ spot which may be convenient to the _kitchen_ of the house.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The shape, either a parallelogram or a square; for it will be recollected, that this is a place allotted, not for a _show_ or _pleasure_ ground, but for _profit_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It should, in connection with that, be convenient of access to the dung-yards of the stables.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading If the garden be large, this shape will better allow the use of the plow to turn up the soil, which, in a large garden, is a much cheaper, and, when properly done, a better mode than to spade it; and if small, and it be worked with the spade, _right_ lines are easier made with the spade than curved ones.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The size may be such as your necessities or your convenience may demand.

Chapter 4 of Rural architecture by Lewis F. (Lewis Falley) Allen holds 448 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Rural architecture contain?

Chapter 4 holds 448 sentences of Rural architecture, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Rural architecture by Lewis F. (Lewis Falley) Allen exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 448 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Rural architecture?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rural architecture

Common questions about reading Rural architecture by Lewis F. (Lewis Falley) Allen on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rural architecture?

Yes. All 2659 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19998 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rural architecture is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19998, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rural architecture take to read?

About 221 minutes of reading across 532 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rural architecture section by section

How to work through Rural architecture section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Rural architecture to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rural architecture

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rural architecture, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Architecture
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Workshops
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rural architecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.