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Ruth
Ruth

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Ruth is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ruth
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.
That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.
The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.
One night Sally found out she was not asleep.
"I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ruth

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Ruth is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.
Line 2
That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.
/ðæt taɪm rɪˈzembəld ə ˈbjuːtəfəl ˈɑːɡəst ˈiːvnɪŋ sʌtʃ æz aɪ hæv siːn/
Line 3
The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.
Line 4
One night Sally found out she was not asleep.
/wʌn naɪt ˈsæli faʊnd aʊt ʃiː wɑːz nɑːt əˈsliːp/
Line 5
"I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

covers noun US /ˈkʌvərz/

plural of “cover” — a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something

From this reading “The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.”

Discourses noun US /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading “Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.”

encircling adjective US /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading “The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.”

eternity noun US /ɪˈtɜːrnəti/

time without end

From this reading “The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.”

resembled verb US /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading “That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.”

snowy adjective US /ˈsnoʊi/

marked by the presence of snow

From this reading “The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.”

Sweethearts noun US /ˈswiːthɑːrts/

plural of “sweetheart” — a person loved by another person

From this reading “Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.”

tokens noun US /ˈtoʊkənz/

plural of “token” — an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading “The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading One night Sally found out she was not asleep.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

awakeadjectiveUS /əˈweɪk/

not in a state of sleep; completely conscious

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

bendingnounUS /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

Benson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

coversnounUS /ˈkʌvərz/

plural of “cover” — a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

DiscoursesnounUS /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

DutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

encirclingadjectiveUS /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

eternitynounUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəti/

time without end

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

folksnounUS /foʊks/

your parents

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading One night Sally found out she was not asleep.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

meadowsnounUS /ˈmedoʊz/

plural of “meadow” — a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

moonlightnounUS /ˈmuːnlaɪt/

the light of the Moon

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading One night Sally found out she was not asleep.

nightsnounUS /naɪts/

Periods of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

nodverbUS /nɑːd/

express or signify by nodding

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading One night Sally found out she was not asleep.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One night Sally found out she was not asleep.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

resembledverbUS /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

RuthnounUS /ruːθ/

United States professional baseball player famous for hitting home runs (1895-1948)

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

SallynounUS /ˈsæli/

witty remark

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

sheetnounUS /ʃiːt/

any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

sickadjectiveUS /sɪk/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

snowyadjectiveUS /ˈsnoʊi/

marked by the presence of snow

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

SweetheartsnounUS /ˈswiːthɑːrts/

plural of “sweetheart” — a person loved by another person

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading "I'm a rare hand at talking folks to sleep," said she.

TellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading That time resembled a beautiful August evening, such as I have seen.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

tokensnounUS /ˈtoʊkənz/

plural of “token” — an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sally Tells of Her Sweethearts, and Discourses on the Duties of Life Sally and Miss Benson took it in turns to sit up, or rather, they took it in turns to nod by the fire; for if Ruth was awake she lay very still in the moonlight calm of her sick bed.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The white, snowy rolling mist covers up under its great sheet all trees and meadows, and tokens of earth; but it cannot rise high enough to shut out the heavens, which on such nights seem bending very near, and to be the only real and present objects; and so near, so real and present, did heaven, and eternity, and God seem to Ruth, as she lay encircling her mysterious holy child.

Chapter 15 of Ruth by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell holds 206 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Ruth contain?

Chapter 15 holds 206 sentences of Ruth, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Ruth by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 206 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Ruth?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ruth

Common questions about reading Ruth by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ruth?

Yes. All 7422 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4275 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ruth is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4275, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ruth take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1485 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ruth section by section

How to work through Ruth section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Ruth to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ruth

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ruth, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mason
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.