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Ruth
Ruth

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Ruth is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
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The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.
Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.
Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.
Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.
He had evidently threatened as much to her husband.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ruth

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Ruth is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.
Line 2
Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.
Line 3
Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.
Line 4
Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.
Line 5
He had evidently threatened as much to her husband.
/hiː hæd ˈevədəntli ˈθretənd æz mʌtʃ tuː hɜːr ˈhʌzbənd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

construed verb US /kənˈstruːd/

past form of “construe” — make sense of; assign a meaning to

From this reading “Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.”

delinquency noun US /dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi/

nonpayment of a debt when due

From this reading “The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.”

Pew noun US /pjuː/

long bench with backs; used in church by the congregation

From this reading “The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.”

prohibition noun US /ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən/

a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

From this reading “Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.”

resuming verb US /rɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading “Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.”

Richard's noun US /ˈrɪtʃərdz/

possessive form of “richards” — English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)

From this reading “The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.”

seclusion noun US /sɪˈkluːʒən/

the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others

From this reading “Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.”

stubbornly adverb US /ˈstʌbərnli/

in a stubborn unregenerate manner

From this reading “Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AgainadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had evidently threatened as much to her husband.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

Benson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

Bradshaw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

construedverbUS /kənˈstruːd/

past form of “construe” — make sense of; assign a meaning to

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

delinquencynounUS /dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi/

nonpayment of a debt when due

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

doomedadjectiveUS /duːmd/

marked for certain death

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

evidentlyadverbUS /ˈevədəntli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading He had evidently threatened as much to her husband.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

flutteredverbUS /ˈflʌtərd/

past form of “flutter” — move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

forbiddenadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading He had evidently threatened as much to her husband.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

intercoursenounUS /ˈɪntərkɔːrs/

communication between individuals

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

invitationnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

Jemima

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He had evidently threatened as much to her husband.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

OccupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

PewnounUS /pjuː/

long bench with backs; used in church by the congregation

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

prohibitionnounUS /ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən/

a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

resumingverbUS /rɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

Richard'snounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdz/

possessive form of “richards” — English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

seclusionnounUS /sɪˈkluːʒən/

the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

stubbornlyadverbUS /ˈstʌbərnli/

in a stubborn unregenerate manner

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading He had evidently threatened as much to her husband.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Jemima was for some time in despair of his ever returning to the office, or resuming his old habits of business.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

unsaying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Mr Benson would have been most happy to go, if Mr Bradshaw had sent for him; he was on the watch for what might be even the shadow of such an invitation--but none came.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

wilfuladjective

done by design

From this reading Mr Bradshaw, on his part, would have been thoroughly glad if the wilful seclusion of his present life could have been broken by the occasional visits of the old friend whom he had once forbidden the house; but this prohibition having passed his lips, he stubbornly refused to do anything which might be construed into unsaying it.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The Bradshaw Pew Again Occupied If Jemima allowed herself now and then to imagine that one good would result from the discovery of Richard's delinquency, in the return of her father and Mr Benson to something of their old understanding and their old intercourse--if this hope fluttered through her mind, it was doomed to disappointment.

Chapter 31 of Ruth by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Ruth contain?

Chapter 31 holds 90 sentences of Ruth, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Ruth by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Ruth?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ruth

Common questions about reading Ruth by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ruth?

Yes. All 7422 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4275 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ruth is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4275, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ruth take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1485 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ruth section by section

How to work through Ruth section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Ruth to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ruth

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ruth, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mason
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.