Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Ruth Erskine's Crosses
Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ruth Erskine's Crosses
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DUTY’S BURDEN.
BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.
Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.
Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.
But Ruth Erskine was a new experienceshe _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DUTY’S BURDEN.
Line 2
BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.
/baɪ dɪˈɡriːz dʒʌdʒ ˈbɜːrnəm bɪˈɡæn tuː ˌʌndərˈstænd ðə ˈwʊmən huːm hiː hæd ˈtʃoʊzən fɔːr hɪz waɪf/
Line 3
Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.
/ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː hiː hæd bɪn ɪn ðə ˈhæbət ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ ˈɡʌvərnd baɪ hɪz oʊn wɪl ʌv ˈbendɪŋ ˈfɔːrsɪz tuː hɪz strɔːŋ ˈpɜːrpəsəz/
Line 4
Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.
/ðoʊz əˈkeɪʒənəl ˈkærəktərz wɪð huːm hiː keɪm ɪn ˈkɑːntækt huː rəˈfjuːzd tuː biː ˈmoʊldəd baɪ hɪm hiː hæd ˈɡʊdˈneɪtʃərdli let əˈloʊn ˈkrɔːsɪŋ ðer pæθ æz ˈlɪtəl æz ˈpɑːsəbəl ənd ˈtiːtʃɪŋ hɪmˈself tuː bɪˈliːv ðæt ðeɪ wɜːr nɑːt wɜːrθ ˈmænədʒɪŋ wɪtʃ wɑːz ðə soʊl ˈriːzən waɪ hiː dɪd nɑːt ˈmænədʒ ðem/
Line 5
But Ruth Erskine was a new experienceshe _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Burnham noun US /ˈbɜːrnəm/

United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)

From this reading “BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.”

convictions noun US /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading “But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.”

good-naturedly adverb US /ˈɡʊdˈneɪtʃərdli/

in a good-natured manner

From this reading “Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.”

governed noun US /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading “Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.”

managing verb US /ˈmænədʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading “Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.”

molded adjective US /ˈmoʊldəd/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading “Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.”

purposes noun US /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading “Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.”

teaching noun US /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading “Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

reason why noun + noun

In this reading “Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.”

sole reason noun + noun

In this reading “Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.”

BY degrees preposition + noun counted as “by degree”

In this reading “BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.”

in contact preposition + noun

In this reading “Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.”

in the habit preposition + article + noun counted as “in … habit”

In this reading “Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

bendingnounUS /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

BURDENnounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading DUTY’S BURDEN.

BurnhamnounUS /ˈbɜːrnəm/

United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

convictionsnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

DUTY'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DUTY’S BURDEN.

Erskine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

good-naturedlyadverbUS /ˈɡʊdˈneɪtʃərdli/

in a good-natured manner

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

HithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

manageverbUS /ˈmænədʒ/

be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

managingverbUS /ˈmænədʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

moldedadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊldəd/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

RuthnounUS /ruːθ/

United States professional baseball player famous for hitting home runs (1895-1948)

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Hitherto he had been in the habit of being governed by his own will, of bending forces to his strong purposes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading BY degrees Judge Burnham began to understand the woman whom he had chosen for his wife.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading Those occasional characters with whom he came in contact, who refused to be molded by him, he had good-naturedly let alone, crossing their path as little as possible, and teaching himself to believe that they were not worth managing, which was the sole reason why he did not manage them.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

yieldverbUS /jiːld/

be the cause or source of

From this reading But Ruth Erskine was a new experience—she _would do_ what she believed to be the right thing; and she _would not_ yield her convictions to be governed by his judgment.

Chapter 17 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses by Pansy holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses contain?

Chapter 17 holds 159 sentences of Ruth Erskine's Crosses, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses by Pansy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Common questions about reading Ruth Erskine's Crosses by Pansy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ruth Erskine's Crosses?

Yes. All 4147 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54078 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ruth Erskine's Crosses is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54078, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ruth Erskine's Crosses take to read?

About 345 minutes of reading across 830 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ruth Erskine's Crosses section by section

How to work through Ruth Erskine's Crosses section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Ruth Erskine's Crosses to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ruth Erskine's Crosses, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pansy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ester
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.