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Ruth Erskine's Crosses
Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ruth Erskine's Crosses
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A SISTER NEEDED.
SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.
It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.
But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.
Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A SISTER NEEDED.
/ə ˈsɪstər ˈniːdəd/
Line 2
SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.
/sʌm ˈvɪɡərəs ˈplænɪŋ wɑːz dʌn ðæt naɪt wɪtʃ ˈfɑːloʊd ruːθ ˈbɜːrnəmz ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən tuː hɜːr nuː hoʊm/
Line 3
It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.
Line 4
But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.
/bʌt ˈsʌmθɪŋ hæd ˈɡɪvən hɜːr θɔːts nuː streŋkθ ənd fɔːrs/
Line 5
Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.
/ruːθ bɪˈliːvd ɪt tuː biː ðæt ˈaʊər wɪtʃ ʃiː hæd spent əˈloʊn ɑːn hɜːr niːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Burnham's noun US /ˈbɜːrnəmz/

possessive form of “burnham” — United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)

engagement noun US /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.”

fading noun US /ˈfeɪdɪŋ/

weakening in force or intensity

From this reading “It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.”

introduction noun US /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading “SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.”

planning noun US /ˈplænɪŋ/

an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action

From this reading “SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.”

restless adjective US /ˈrestləs/

worried and uneasy

From this reading “It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.”

studied adjective US /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading “It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.”

vigorous adjective US /ˈvɪɡərəs/

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading “SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

first week adjective + noun

In this reading “It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.”

new home adjective + noun

In this reading “SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A SISTER NEEDED.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.

Burnham'snounUS /ˈbɜːrnəmz/

possessive form of “burnham” — United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

engagementnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

fadingnounUS /ˈfeɪdɪŋ/

weakening in force or intensity

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

kneesnounUS /niːz/

plural of “knee” — hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.

NEEDEDadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading A SISTER NEEDED.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.

planningnounUS /ˈplænɪŋ/

an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

restlessadjectiveUS /ˈrestləs/

worried and uneasy

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

RuthnounUS /ruːθ/

United States professional baseball player famous for hitting home runs (1895-1948)

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

SISTERnounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading A SISTER NEEDED.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

SOMEadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Ruth believed it to be that hour which she had spent alone on her knees.

spring-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But something had given her thoughts new strength and force.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

vigorousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪɡərəs/

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading It was not restless planning; neither could it be said to be about new things, for these things Ruth had studied every day since the first week of her engagement, and the summer, which was in its spring-time then, was fading now, so she had _thought_ before.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading SOME vigorous planning was done that night which followed Ruth Burnham’s introduction to her new home.

Chapter 20 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses by Pansy holds 174 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses contain?

Chapter 20 holds 174 sentences of Ruth Erskine's Crosses, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses by Pansy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 174 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Ruth Erskine's Crosses?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Common questions about reading Ruth Erskine's Crosses by Pansy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ruth Erskine's Crosses?

Yes. All 4147 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54078 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ruth Erskine's Crosses is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54078, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ruth Erskine's Crosses take to read?

About 345 minutes of reading across 830 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ruth Erskine's Crosses section by section

How to work through Ruth Erskine's Crosses section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Ruth Erskine's Crosses to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ruth Erskine's Crosses

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ruth Erskine's Crosses, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pansy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ester
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Crosses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.