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Ruth Erskine's Son
Ruth Erskine's Son

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Ruth Erskine's Son is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ruth Erskine's Son
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ACCIDENT OR DESIGN?
MRS.
BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.
She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.
The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ruth Erskine's Son

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Ruth Erskine's Son is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ACCIDENT OR DESIGN?
/ˈæksədənt ɔːr dɪˈzaɪn/
Line 2
MRS.
/ˈmɪsɪz/
Line 3
BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.
Line 4
She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.
/ʃiː wʊd hərˈself meɪk pleɪn tuː hɜːr waɪ ðə draɪv mʌst biː dɪˈfɜːrd ənˈtɪl əˈnʌðər taɪm/
Line 5
The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.
/ðə mɪˈsteɪk hæd əˈkɜːrd baɪ hɜːr nɪˈɡlektɪŋ tuː ɪkˈspleɪn tuː hɜːr ˈdɔːtər ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋz plænz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accident noun US /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading “ACCIDENT OR DESIGN?”

burnham noun US /ˈbɜːrnəm/

United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)

From this reading “BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.”

deferred verb US /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading “She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.”

design noun US /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading “ACCIDENT OR DESIGN?”

explaining verb US /ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading “BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.”

livery noun US /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading “BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.”

morning's noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

possessive form of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading “The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.”

neglecting verb US /nɪˈɡlektɪŋ/

-ing form of “neglect” — leave undone or leave out

From this reading “The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

deferred until verb + particle counted as “defer until”

In this reading “She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.”

full minute adjective + noun

In this reading “BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

ACCIDENTnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading ACCIDENT OR DESIGN?

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

BURNHAMnounUS /ˈbɜːrnəm/

United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

deferredverbUS /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

DESIGNnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading ACCIDENT OR DESIGN?

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

explainingverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

irresoluteadjective

uncertain how to act or proceed

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

liverynounUS /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

minutenounUS /ˈmɪnət/

a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

mistakenounUS /mɪˈsteɪk/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

morning'snounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

possessive form of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

MRSnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading MRS.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

neglectingverbUS /nɪˈɡlektɪŋ/

-ing form of “neglect” — leave undone or leave out

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading ACCIDENT OR DESIGN?

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading The mistake had occurred by her neglecting to explain to her daughter the morning's plans.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading She would herself make plain to her why the drive must be deferred until another time.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading BURNHAM had stood for a full minute irresolute; then she had spoken in her usual tone, explaining to Ellen that the friend she had intended to take out would not be able to go in a livery carriage.

Chapter 12 of Ruth Erskine's Son by Pansy holds 156 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Ruth Erskine's Son contain?

Chapter 12 holds 156 sentences of Ruth Erskine's Son, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Ruth Erskine's Son by Pansy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 156 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Ruth Erskine's Son?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ruth Erskine's Son

Common questions about reading Ruth Erskine's Son by Pansy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ruth Erskine's Son?

Yes. All 4075 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43785 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ruth Erskine's Son is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43785, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ruth Erskine's Son take to read?

About 339 minutes of reading across 815 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ruth Erskine's Son section by section

How to work through Ruth Erskine's Son section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Ruth Erskine's Son to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ruth Erskine's Son

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ruth Erskine's Son, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Erskine's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crosses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ester
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ruth Erskine's Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.