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Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It
Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It is here in full — 284 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It
Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HENRY BECOMES A MERCHANT.
While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.
He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.
The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.
He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It is here in full — 284 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HENRY BECOMES A MERCHANT.
/ˈhenri bɪˈkʌmz ə ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/
Line 2
While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.
/waɪl sæm wɑːz ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəntli əˈweɪtɪŋ ðə ˈdrɔːɪŋ ʌv ðə həˈvænə ˈlɑːtəri ˈhenri tuː meɪd æn ˌɪnˈvestmənt bʌt ʌv æn ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɪfərənt ˈkerɪktər/
Line 3
He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.
/hiː wɑːz ɪn ðə emˈplɔɪ ʌv ə ˈʃɪpɪŋ haʊs wɪtʃ dɪˈspætʃt ˈvesəlz tuː ˈdɪfərənt pɑːrts ʌv ðə wɜːrld wɪð əˈsɔːrtɪd ˈkɑːrɡoʊz/
Line 4
The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.
/ðə hed ʌv ðə fɜːrm wɑːz dʒeɪmz ˈhæməltən ə mæn huː stʊd dɪˈzɜːrvədli haɪ nɑːt ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl wɜːrld bʌt æz ə ˈsɪtəzən/
Line 5
He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.
/hiː hæd sɜːrvd hɪz ˈneɪtɪv ˈsɪti æz æn ˈɔːldərmən ənd hæd bɪn ˈɔːfərd ðə ˌnɑːməˈneɪʃən fɔːr ˈmeɪər baɪ ðə ˈpɑːrti tuː wɪtʃ hiː bɪˈlɔːŋd bʌt hæd dɪˈklaɪnd ɑːn əˈkaʊnt ʌv ðə ˌɪmˈperətɪv kleɪmz ʌv hɪz ˈpraɪvət ˈbɪznəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alderman noun US /ˈɔːldərmən/

a member of a municipal legislative body (as a city council)

From this reading “He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.”

assorted adjective US /əˈsɔːrtɪd/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading “He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.”

cargoes noun US /ˈkɑːrɡoʊz/

plural of “cargo” — goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading “He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.”

deservedly adverb US /dɪˈzɜːrvədli/

as deserved

From this reading “The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.”

Havana noun US /həˈvænə/

the capital and largest city of Cuba; located in western Cuba; one of the oldest cities in the Americas

From this reading “While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.”

lottery noun US /ˈlɑːtəri/

something that is regarded as a chance event

From this reading “While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.”

mercantile adjective US /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading “The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.”

nomination noun US /ˌnɑːməˈneɪʃən/

the act of officially naming a candidate

From this reading “He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HENRY BECOMES A MERCHANT.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

aldermannounUS /ˈɔːldərmən/

a member of a municipal legislative body (as a city council)

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

assortedadjectiveUS /əˈsɔːrtɪd/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

awaitingverbUS /əˈweɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “await” — look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

BECOMESverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading HENRY BECOMES A MERCHANT.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

cargoesnounUS /ˈkɑːrɡoʊz/

plural of “cargo” — goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

deservedlyadverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrvədli/

as deserved

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

dispatchedverbUS /dɪˈspætʃt/

past form of “dispatch” — send away towards a designated goal

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

HamiltonnounUS /ˈhæməltən/

Irish mathematician (1806-1865)

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

HavananounUS /həˈvænə/

the capital and largest city of Cuba; located in western Cuba; one of the oldest cities in the Americas

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

HENRYnounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading HENRY BECOMES A MERCHANT.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

impatientlyadverbUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/

with impatience; in an impatient manner

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

imperativeadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈperətɪv/

requiring attention or action

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

investmentnounUS /ˌɪnˈvestmənt/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

lotterynounUS /ˈlɑːtəri/

something that is regarded as a chance event

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

mayornounUS /ˈmeɪər/

the head of a city government

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

mercantileadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

MERCHANTnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading HENRY BECOMES A MERCHANT.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

nominationnounUS /ˌnɑːməˈneɪʃən/

the act of officially naming a candidate

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

SamnounUS /sæm/

a guided missile fired from land or shipboard against an airborne target

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading He had served his native city as an alderman, and had been offered the nomination for mayor by the party to which he belonged, but had declined, on account of the imperative claims of his private business.

shippingnounUS /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/

the commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While Sam was impatiently awaiting the drawing of the Havana lottery, Henry; too, made an investment, but of an entirely different character.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The head of the firm was James Hamilton, a man who stood deservedly high, not only in the mercantile world, but as a citizen.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He was in the employ of a shipping house, which dispatched vessels to different parts of the world with assorted cargoes.

Chapter 8 of Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 284 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It contain?

Chapter 8 holds 284 sentences of Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 284 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It

Common questions about reading Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #26043, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 324 minutes of reading across 778 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sam's Chance, and How He Improved It, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Images
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Original
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Pages
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Available
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