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Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Samuel Johnson is here in full — 310 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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JOHNSON'S WRITINGS.
It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.
For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.
Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.
The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Samuel Johnson

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Samuel Johnson is here in full — 310 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
JOHNSON'S WRITINGS.
/ˈdʒɑːnsənz ˈraɪtɪŋz/
Line 2
It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.
/ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz tuː spiːk ʌv ˈdʒɑːnsənz pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 3
For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.
/fɔːr ˈriːzənz səˈfɪʃəntli ˈɑːbviəs fjuː men huːz lɪvz hæv bɪn dɪˈvoʊtɪd tuː ˈletərz fɔːr æn ˈiːkwəl ˈpɪriəd hæv left bɪˈhaɪnd ðem sʌtʃ ˈskænti ənd ˌɪˈnædəkwət rɪˈmeɪnz/
Line 4
Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.
/ˈdʒɑːnsən æz wiː hæv siːn wɜːrkt ˈoʊnli ˈʌndər ðə ˈpreʃər ʌv ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ə ˈveri smɔːl prəˈpɔːrʃən ʌv hɪz ˈlætər laɪf wɑːz dɪˈvoʊtɪd tuː ˈlɪtəreri emˈplɔɪmənt/
Line 5
The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.
/ðə ˈwɜːrkɪŋ ˈaʊərz ʌv hɪz ˈɜːrliər jɪrz wɜːr spent fɔːr ðə moʊst pɑːrt ɪn prəˈdʌkʃənz wɪtʃ kæn ˈhɑːrdli biː kɔːld ˈlɪtəreri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

employment noun US /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.”

inadequate adjective US /ˌɪˈnædəkwət/

lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading “For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.”

johnson's noun US /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading “JOHNSON'S WRITINGS.”

obvious adjective US /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading “For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.”

productions noun US /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading “The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.”

proportion noun US /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading “Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.”

scanty adjective US /ˈskænti/

lacking in magnitude or quantity

From this reading “For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.”

writings noun US /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading “JOHNSON'S WRITINGS.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

inadequateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnædəkwət/

lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

JOHNSON'SnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading JOHNSON'S WRITINGS.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

pressurenounUS /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

productionsnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

scantyadjectiveUS /ˈskænti/

lacking in magnitude or quantity

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It remains to speak of Johnson's position in literature.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading For reasons sufficiently obvious, few men whose lives have been devoted to letters for an equal period, have left behind them such scanty and inadequate remains.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Johnson, as we have seen, worked only under the pressure of circumstances; a very small proportion of his latter life was devoted to literary employment.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

WRITINGSnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading JOHNSON'S WRITINGS.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The working hours of his earlier years were spent for the most part in productions which can hardly be called literary.

Chapter 6 of Samuel Johnson by Leslie Stephen holds 310 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Samuel Johnson contain?

Chapter 6 holds 310 sentences of Samuel Johnson, unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Samuel Johnson by Leslie Stephen exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 310 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Samuel Johnson?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 3
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