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Sant' Ilario
Sant' Ilario

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Sant' Ilario is here in full — 290 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.
The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.
The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.
Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.
The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sant' Ilario

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Sant' Ilario is here in full — 290 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.
/ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt wɪtʃ hæd reɪnd ɪn roʊm fɔːr wiːks pæst wɑːz ˈdestɪnd tuː end ˈɔːlmoʊst æz ˈsʌdənli æz ɪt hæd bɪˈɡʌn/
Line 2
The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.
Line 3
The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.
Line 4
Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.
Line 5
The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accorded verb US /əˈkɔːrdɪd/

past form of “accord” — go together

From this reading “The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.”

accurately adverb US /ˈækjərətli/

with few mistakes

From this reading “The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.”

cordon noun US /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading “The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.”

guerillas noun US /ɡərˈɪləz/

plural of “guerilla” — a member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment

From this reading “Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.”

quelling noun US /ˈkwelɪŋ/

forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority

From this reading “The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.”

restoring verb US /rɪˈstɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading “Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.”

subverted verb US /səbˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “subvert” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading “Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.”

ultimatum noun US /ˌʌltəˈmeɪtəm/

a final peremptory demand

From this reading “Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

19th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

22

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

accordedverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪd/

past form of “accord” — go together

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

accuratelyadverbUS /ˈækjərətli/

with few mistakes

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

allowingverbUS /əˈlaʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

campaignnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

confrontedverbUS /kənˈfrʌntəd/

past form of “confront” — oppose, as in hostility or a competition

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

cordonnounUS /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

dnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

Garibaldi's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

guerillasnounUS /ɡərˈɪləz/

plural of “guerilla” — a member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

insignificantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkənt/

signifying nothing

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

KingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

Mentana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

MinisternounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

MontenounUS /ˈmɑːnti/

a gambling card game of Spanish origin; 3 or 4 cards are dealt face up and players bet that one of them will be matched before the others as the cards are dealt from the pack one at a time

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

pretextnounUS /ˈpriːtekst/

something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

promptnessnoun

the characteristic of doing things without delay

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

quellingnounUS /ˈkwelɪŋ/

forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

restoringverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

Rotondo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The military cordon formed by the Italian army to prevent Garibaldi's crossing the frontier was a mere show.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

stakenounUS /steɪk/

(law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

subvertedverbUS /səbˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “subvert” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

ultimatumnounUS /ˌʌltəˈmeɪtəm/

a final peremptory demand

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

UntilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Until the ultimatum was presented to Italy by the French Minister on the 19th of October, Italy hoped to take possession of Rome on the pretext of restoring order after allowing it to be subverted by Garibaldi's guerillas.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The fact is that although the armies employed on both sides were insignificant, the questions at stake were enormous, and the real powers which found themselves confronted at Monte Rotondo and Mentana were the Kingdom of Italy and the French Empire.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The excitement which had reigned in Rome for weeks past was destined to end almost as suddenly as it had begun.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The events which followed the 22d of October have been frequently and accurately described; indeed, if we consider the small number of the troops engaged and the promptness with which a very limited body of men succeeded in quelling what at first appeared to be a formidable revolution, we are surprised at the amount of attention which has been accorded to the little campaign.

Chapter 9 of Sant' Ilario by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 290 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Sant' Ilario contain?

Chapter 9 holds 290 sentences of Sant' Ilario, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Sant' Ilario by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 290 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Sant' Ilario?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sant' Ilario

Common questions about reading Sant' Ilario by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sant' Ilario?

Yes. All 9272 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5227 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sant' Ilario is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5227, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sant' Ilario take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1855 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sant' Ilario section by section

How to work through Sant' Ilario section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Sant' Ilario to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sant' Ilario

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sant' Ilario, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sant' Ilario; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Service
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sant' Ilario; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Zouaves
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sant' Ilario; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wrought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sant' Ilario; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.