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Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor
Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But, alas!
Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.
Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.
Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.
(They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But, alas!
/bʌt əˈlæs/
Line 2
Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.
Line 3
Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.
/tuː ʌv maɪ kəmˈpænjənz ˈtaɪərd ʌv soʊ mʌtʃ ˈɡoʊɪŋ ənd ˈkʌmɪŋ left ʌs wɪð ðə aɪˈdiːə ʌv ˈtraɪɪŋ ɑːn ðer oʊn əˈkaʊnt fɔːr sʌm ˈmɪləteri ɔːr ˈsɪvəl ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/
Line 4
Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.
Line 5
(They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alas exclamation US /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading “But, alas!”

bordered adjective US /ˈbɔːrdərd/

having a border especially of a specified kind; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading “(They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.”

civil adjective US /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading “Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.”

embarrassment noun US /ɪmˈberəsmənt/

the shame you feel when your inadequacy or guilt is made public

From this reading “Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.”

military adjective US /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading “Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.”

situated adjective US /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading “(They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.”

trip noun US /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading “Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.”

westward adverb US /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading “(They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

short distance adjective + noun

In this reading “(They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.”

own account verb + noun

In this reading “Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.”

country house noun + noun

a house (usually large and impressive) on an estate in the country

In this reading “Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.”

little way adjective + noun

In this reading “Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

alasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading But, alas!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

Bernardona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

borderedadjectiveUS /ˈbɔːrdərd/

having a border especially of a specified kind; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, alas!

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

embarrassmentnounUS /ɪmˈberəsmənt/

the shame you feel when your inadequacy or guilt is made public

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

José

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

Montoria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

Muela

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

Roque

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

Saragossanoun

an ancient city on the Ebro River in northeastern Spain; formerly the capital of Aragon

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

torre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

torres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading Don Roque and myself therefore started with less embarrassment on our trip to the country house, the "torre," of our friend.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Don José de Montoria was not in his house, and we found it necessary to go a little way out of the city to look for him.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading (They call country houses torres at Saragossa.) This was situated to the westward of the town; the place bordered on the Muela road, and was at a short distance from the Bernardona road.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Two of my companions, tired of so much going and coming, left us with the idea of trying on their own account for some military or civil situation.

Chapter 4 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor by Benito Pérez Galdós holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor contain?

Chapter 4 holds 67 sentences of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor by Benito Pérez Galdós exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor

Common questions about reading Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor by Benito Pérez Galdós on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor?

Yes. All 4248 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47769 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47769, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor take to read?

About 354 minutes of reading across 850 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor

Words and structures a reader meets early in Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Events
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.