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Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor
Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.
"_I do not know how to surrender.
After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.
It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.
It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.
Line 2
"_I do not know how to surrender.
Line 3
After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.
Line 4
It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.
/ɪt ɪz ɪksˈkjuːzəbəl tuː seɪ ðæt ðə ˈɑːrmi ʌv ðə dɪˈfens wɑːz ˈveri mʌtʃ ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈɡlɔːriəs ˈækʃən ʌv ðə ˈtwentifɜːrst/
Line 5
It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈnesəseri tuː ɡɪv ɪkˈspreʃən tuː ðɪs ˈɑːrdər tuː ərˈeɪndʒ ə ˈsɔːrti ənd soʊ ɪn ɪˈfekt ɪt wɑːz dʌn bʌt ɪt ˈhæpənd ðæt ɔːl wɪʃt tuː teɪk pɑːrt ɪn ðɪs æt ðə seɪm taɪm ənd ɪt wɑːz ˈnesəseri tuː ˈberi ðə ded/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ardor noun US /ˈɑːrdər/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading “It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.”

excusable adjective US /ɪksˈkjuːzəbəl/

capable of being overlooked

From this reading “It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.”

Gazette noun US /ɡəˈzet/

a newspaper or official journal

From this reading “After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.”

patriots noun US /ˈpeɪtriəts/

plural of “patriot” — one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading “After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.”

proclamations noun US /ˌprɑːkləˈmeɪʃənz/

plural of “proclamation” — a formal public statement

From this reading “After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.”

sortie noun US /ˈsɔːrti/

a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading “It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.”

truce noun US /truːs/

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

From this reading “The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.”

twenty-first adjective US /ˈtwentifɜːrst/

coming next after the twentieth in position

From this reading “It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.”

following day adjective + noun

In this reading “The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.”

talk about verb + particle

to consider or examine in speech or writing

In this reading “After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.”

general opinion adjective + noun

In this reading “After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.”

own composition verb + noun

In this reading “After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.”

under a flag preposition + article + noun counted as “under … flag”

In this reading “The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.”

take part verb + noun

share in something

In this reading “It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.”

After death preposition + noun

In this reading “After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

ardornounUS /ˈɑːrdər/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

arrangeverbUS /ərˈeɪndʒ/

put into a proper or systematic order

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

Basilio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

Boggiero

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

buryverbUS /ˈberi/

cover from sight

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

commandingadjectiveUS /kəˈmændɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "_I do not know how to surrender.

documentnounUS /ˈdɑːkjəment/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

eloquentadjectiveUS /ˈeləkwənt/

expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

excusableadjectiveUS /ɪksˈkjuːzəbəl/

capable of being overlooked

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

flagnounUS /flæɡ/

emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

GazettenounUS /ɡəˈzet/

a newspaper or official journal

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "_I do not know how to surrender.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "_I do not know how to surrender.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "_I do not know how to surrender.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

messengernounUS /ˈmesəndʒər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

Moncey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "_I do not know how to surrender.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

Palafox

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

patriotsnounUS /ˈpeɪtriəts/

plural of “patriot” — one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

proclamationsnounUS /ˌprɑːkləˈmeɪʃənz/

plural of “proclamation” — a formal public statement

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

proposeverbUS /prəˈpoʊz/

make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

signaturenounUS /ˈsɪɡnətʃər/

your name written in your own handwriting

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

situationsnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

sortienounUS /ˈsɔːrti/

a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

trucenounUS /truːs/

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

twenty-firstadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifɜːrst/

coming next after the twentieth in position

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

twenty-secondadjective

coming next after the twenty-first in position

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It is excusable to say that the army of the defence was very much inspired by the glorious action of the twenty-first.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The following day, the twenty-second, Palafox said to the messenger who came under a flag of truce from Moncey to propose terms of surrender.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading It was necessary to give expression to this ardor, to arrange a sortie, and so in effect it was done; but it happened that all wished to take part in this at the same time, and it was necessary to bury the dead.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading After death, we will talk about that._" He followed this with a long and eloquent article which was published in the "Gazette;" but, according to general opinion, neither that document nor any of the proclamations which appeared with the signature of the commanding general were his own composition, but that of his friend, Basilio Boggiero, a man of great judgment, who was often seen in situations of danger, in the company of patriots and military leaders.

Chapter 9 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor by Benito Pérez Galdós holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor contain?

Chapter 9 holds 65 sentences of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor by Benito Pérez Galdós exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 4248 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47769 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47769, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 354 minutes of reading across 850 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor

Words and structures a reader meets early in Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Events
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saragossa: A Story of Spanish Valor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.