Chapter XII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

large but transportable armament

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

for the reason that

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

a drug made from part of a plant (as the bark or root or leaves)

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

without stop or interruption

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

a movement into or inward

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

set up or found

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

past form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

set up or found

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

plural of “fragment” — a piece broken off or cut off of something else

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

a large number or amount

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

tangled in a dense mass

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

a formal public statement

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

on the contrary

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

tending to impart new life and vigor to

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

an ancient city on the Ebro River in northeastern Spain; formerly the capital of Aragon

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading The proclamation said that every citizen should carry a gun in one hand and spade in the other.

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

in or at that place or location

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

compelling immediate action

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They could not establish themselves there because they were flanked by the batteries of Los Martires and the Botanical Garden, so they continued operations by mining, in order to possess themselves of those two points.

at the time that

From this reading The fortress of San José had surrendered, or rather the French had entered it when their artillery had reduced it to powder, and all of its defenders had fallen, one by one, to lie among its fragments.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Imperial soldiers, on entering, found heaps of bodies and stones matted together with blood.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The fortifications which we held were so nearly destroyed that a general agreement was urgent, and the terrible orders, calling upon all the inhabitants of Saragossa to work in renewing them.