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Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus
Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.
The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.
Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.
Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.
Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.
Line 2
The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.
Line 3
Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.
Line 4
Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.
/nɑːt fɑːr əˈweɪ wɑːz ˈʃaɪnɪŋ laɪk ə ˈbrɪljənt stɑːr ðə ˈmɑːrbəl ˈpɪlərz ʌv ðə ˈtempəl ʌv daɪˈænə/
Line 5
Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

AEgean adjective US /ɪˈdʒiːən/

of or relating to or characteristic of the prehistoric Aegean civilization

From this reading “The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.”

colouring noun US /ˈkʌlərrɪŋ/

a digestible substance used to give color to food

From this reading “Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.”

directing adjective US /dərˈektɪŋ/

showing the way by conducting or leading; imposing direction on

From this reading “Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.”

Ephesus noun US /ˈefʊsəs/

an ancient Greek city on the western shore of Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; site of the Temple of Artemis; was a major trading center and played an important role in early Christianity

From this reading “Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.”

flooding noun US /ˈflʌdɪŋ/

a technique used in behavior therapy; client is flooded with experiences of a particular kind until becoming either averse to them or numbed to them

From this reading “The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.”

precincts noun US /ˈpriːsɪŋkts/

plural of “precinct” — a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes

From this reading “Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.”

propelled verb US /prəˈpeld/

inflected form of “propel” — cause to move forward with force

From this reading “Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.”

wending verb US /ˈwendɪŋ/

-ing form of “wend” — direct one's course or way

From this reading “Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

marble pillars noun + noun counted as “marble pillar”

In this reading “Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.”

within the precincts preposition + article + noun counted as “within … precinct”

In this reading “Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.”

gentle breeze adjective + noun

wind moving 8-12 knots; 3 on the Beaufort scale

In this reading “Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.”

fully awake adverb + adjective

In this reading “Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.”

propelled by verb + particle counted as “propel by”

In this reading “Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.”

brilliant star adjective + noun

In this reading “Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.”

great city adjective + noun

In this reading “Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

AEgeanadjectiveUS /ɪˈdʒiːən/

of or relating to or characteristic of the prehistoric Aegean civilization

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

awakeadjectiveUS /əˈweɪk/

not in a state of sleep; completely conscious

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

baynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

BoatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

Cayster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

colouringnounUS /ˈkʌlərrɪŋ/

a digestible substance used to give color to food

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

devotions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

DiananounUS /daɪˈænə/

English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

directingadjectiveUS /dərˈektɪŋ/

showing the way by conducting or leading; imposing direction on

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

EphesusnounUS /ˈefʊsəs/

an ancient Greek city on the western shore of Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; site of the Temple of Artemis; was a major trading center and played an important role in early Christianity

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

floodingnounUS /ˈflʌdɪŋ/

a technique used in behavior therapy; client is flooded with experiences of a particular kind until becoming either averse to them or numbed to them

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

fro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

glidedverbUS /ˈɡlaɪdɪd/

past form of “glide” — move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

goddessnounUS /ˈɡɑːdəs/

a female deity

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

gorgeousadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːrdʒəs/

dazzlingly beautiful

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

hasteningverbUS /ˈheɪsənɪŋ/

-ing form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

Ionianoun

region of western Asia Minor colonized by ancient Greeks

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

pillarsnounUS /ˈpɪlərz/

plural of “pillar” — a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

precinctsnounUS /ˈpriːsɪŋkts/

plural of “precinct” — a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

propelledverbUS /prəˈpeld/

inflected form of “propel” — cause to move forward with force

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

purplenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəl/

a purple color or pigment

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

quaintadjectiveUS /kweɪnt/

strange in an interesting or pleasing way

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

Samos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

SeanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

silveryadjectiveUS /ˈsɪlvəri/

resembling or reminiscent of silver

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

splendournoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading Not far away was shining like a brilliant star the marble pillars of the Temple of Diana.

templesnounUS /ˈtempəlz/

plural of “temple” — place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

washedadjectiveUS /wɑːʃt/

clean by virtue of having been washed in water

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading The river Cayster moved on its course, and mixed its waters with the blue of the AEgean Sea, and washed the shores of Samos, appearing like a purple vision on the ocean.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

wendingverbUS /ˈwendɪŋ/

-ing form of “wend” — direct one's course or way

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Boats and ships of quaint form and gorgeous colouring, propelled by a gentle breeze, moved to and fro, and glided up the shining way which led to the great city of Ephesus, the chief of Ionia, and the home of the goddess.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sun had risen in all its splendour, and was flooding the bay and mountains with silvery light.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Ephesus was now fully awake, and the people were moving along its streets, some wending their way to the temples to offer their morning devotions, others hastening to the great theatre, and many more directing their course towards their daily toil; for men must work, even within the precincts of a city where all is splendour.

Chapter 1 of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus by Richard Short holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus contain?

Chapter 1 holds 36 sentences of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus by Richard Short exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus

Common questions about reading Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus by Richard Short on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus?

Yes. All 5578 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26700 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26700, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus take to read?

About 464 minutes of reading across 1116 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus section by section

How to work through Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Risen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Splendour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Flooding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mountains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saronia: A Romance of Ancient Ephesus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.