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Sartor Resartus
Sartor Resartus

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Sartor Resartus is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Sartor Resartus
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?
Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.
Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.
For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.
And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sartor Resartus

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Sartor Resartus is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?
Line 2
Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.
/nɑːt soʊ ˈiːzəli kæn ðə oʊld ˈædəm lɑːdʒd ɪn ʌs baɪ bɜːrθ biː ˌdɪspəˈzest/
Line 3
Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.
Line 4
For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.
Line 5
And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deciphered adjective US /dɪˈsaɪfərd/

converted from cryptic to intelligible language

From this reading “For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.”

dispossessed adjective US /ˌdɪspəˈzest/

physically or spiritually homeless or deprived of security

From this reading “Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.”

exclaims verb US /ɪkˈskleɪmz/

third-person singular of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading “"Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?”

mandate noun US /ˈmændeɪt/

a document giving an official instruction or command

From this reading “For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.”

persuasively adverb US /pərˈsweɪsɪvli/

in a persuasive manner

From this reading “And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?”

proclaims verb US /proʊˈkleɪmz/

third-person singular of “proclaim” — declare formally; declare someone to be something; of titles

From this reading “And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?”

Prophetic adjective US /prəˈfetɪk/

foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention

From this reading “For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.”

Voluntary adjective US /ˈvɑːlənteri/

of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled

From this reading “Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

AdamnounUS /ˈædəm/

(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

burnverbUS /bɜːrn/

To consume or be consumed by fire.

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

CharactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

clay-given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

compassed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

contestnounUS /ˈkɑːntest/

an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

decipheredadjectiveUS /dɪˈsaɪfərd/

converted from cryptic to intelligible language

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

dispossessedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪspəˈzest/

physically or spiritually homeless or deprived of security

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

EatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

exclaimsverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmz/

third-person singular of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

ForcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

FreedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

God-given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

GospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

hard-foughtadjective

requiring great effort

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

Haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

InfluencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

lodgedverbUS /lɑːdʒd/

past form of “lodge” — be a lodger; stay temporarily

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

mandatenounUS /ˈmændeɪt/

a document giving an official instruction or command

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

mysteriouslyadverbUS /ˌmɪˈstɪriəsli/

in a cryptic manner

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

NecessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

nervenounUS /nɜːrv/

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

obeyedverbUS /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

persuasivelyadverbUS /pərˈsweɪsɪvli/

in a persuasive manner

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

proclaimsverbUS /proʊˈkleɪmz/

third-person singular of “proclaim” — declare formally; declare someone to be something; of titles

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

Promethean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

PropheticadjectiveUS /prəˈfetɪk/

foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

TemptationsnounUS /temˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “temptation” — something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

Teufelsdrockh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by birth, be dispossessed.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

VoluntaryadjectiveUS /ˈvɑːlənteri/

of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

Well-doing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

WildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all to be tried with such?

WorkverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

Chapter 20 of Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle holds 139 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Sartor Resartus contain?

Chapter 20 holds 139 sentences of Sartor Resartus, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 139 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Sartor Resartus?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sartor Resartus

Common questions about reading Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sartor Resartus?

Yes. All 2520 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1051 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sartor Resartus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1051, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sartor Resartus take to read?

About 210 minutes of reading across 504 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sartor Resartus section by section

How to work through Sartor Resartus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Sartor Resartus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sartor Resartus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sartor Resartus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Considering
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Advanced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.